本文關(guān)鍵詞：黑碳?xì)馊苣z排放的研究與控制　出處：《河南師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 黑碳 氣候影響 環(huán)境濃度 排放調(diào)查 減排 煤 政策

【摘要】：氣溶膠是懸浮在空氣中的微粒,是我國(guó)主要的大氣污染物,也是導(dǎo)致大氣能見(jiàn)度降低的主要魁首之一。大氣氣溶膠還可以通過(guò)對(duì)光的散射和吸收直接影響氣候的變化或通過(guò)改變?cè)频墓鈱W(xué)性質(zhì)和存在周期間接影響氣候。此外,大氣氣溶膠特別是氣溶膠中的超細(xì)顆粒物還會(huì)危及人體健康,引發(fā)呼吸系統(tǒng)疾病及心血管系統(tǒng)疾病。在大氣氣溶膠中,有一類(lèi)明顯與大多數(shù)性質(zhì)截然不同的叫作黑碳的組分,由于是氣溶膠中主要的吸光物質(zhì),更可能傾向于氣候致暖。由于黑碳?xì)馊苣z極小的粒徑(一般小于1微米),使其對(duì)人類(lèi)健康的危害更大�；谝陨显�,開(kāi)展對(duì)黑碳?xì)馊苣z的觀測(cè)研究和排放控制具有非常重要的意義。為了更好的了解黑碳對(duì)空氣污染以及氣候效應(yīng)的貢獻(xiàn),于2013年11月1日到2014年10月31日在中國(guó)環(huán)境科學(xué)研究院(北京)使用黑碳儀(Aethalometer)對(duì)黑碳的質(zhì)量濃度進(jìn)行了一年的連續(xù)監(jiān)測(cè),結(jié)合氣溶膠濁度儀(Nephelometer)以及Thermo Sientific5030型顆粒物同步混合監(jiān)測(cè)儀得到的數(shù)據(jù),分析研究黑碳?xì)馊苣z濃度的變化趨勢(shì)以及與SSA(單次散射反照率)的關(guān)系,發(fā)現(xiàn)北京黑碳?xì)馊苣z濃度日變化為雙峰結(jié)構(gòu),黑碳?xì)馊苣z質(zhì)量濃度峰值分別出現(xiàn)在6—8時(shí)和20—24時(shí)。而SSA變化趨勢(shì)正好與黑碳?xì)馊苣z濃度的變化趨勢(shì)相反,呈現(xiàn)出很好的負(fù)相關(guān)性。在二月份的重污染期間,黑碳?xì)馊苣z濃度和PM2.5濃度都很高,但黑碳?xì)馊苣z濃度變化與SSA(單次散射反照率)的變化趨勢(shì)并沒(méi)有像日變化那樣呈現(xiàn)很好的負(fù)相關(guān)性。另外,為了更全面和準(zhǔn)確地了解我國(guó)黑碳排放的情況,2014年9月,中國(guó)環(huán)境科學(xué)研究院大氣環(huán)境研究所組織了9人調(diào)查團(tuán),在河北省保定市各級(jí)環(huán)保部門(mén)的配合下,入村展開(kāi)農(nóng)村能源消費(fèi)調(diào)查。結(jié)果表明,河北農(nóng)村燃煤量可能達(dá)到3500-4000萬(wàn)噸,是國(guó)家統(tǒng)計(jì)年鑒所發(fā)布數(shù)字的7-8倍,而且以散煤為主。由于農(nóng)村的煤炭燃燒完全處于無(wú)控制的狀態(tài),黑碳的排放可能遠(yuǎn)超已有排放清單的數(shù)據(jù)。如果對(duì)農(nóng)村燃煤加以控制,那么對(duì)于我國(guó)黑碳減排的貢獻(xiàn)是巨大的。在研究組成果及文獻(xiàn)資料的基礎(chǔ)上,提出了我國(guó)黑碳排放的控制建議。第一,燃燒前控制:由于黑碳主要是由于含碳能源的不完全燃燒產(chǎn)生,如果我們用無(wú)碳或者低碳的能源來(lái)代替含碳量高的能源,那么黑碳的產(chǎn)生及排放就會(huì)減少;第二,燃燒中控制:正因?yàn)楹谔嫉漠a(chǎn)生是由于含碳能源的不完全燃燒,如果我們提高燃燒效率,黑碳的產(chǎn)量就會(huì)減少;第三,燃燒后的控制:黑碳是顆粒物的一部分,在能源燃燒后會(huì)隨著粉塵一塊排入大氣,因此,可以通過(guò)粉塵的去除來(lái)協(xié)同完成。必須指出,黑碳的減排除了靠技術(shù)上的支持外,還需要政策上的配合。我國(guó)對(duì)于大氣污染十分重視,在2013年的9月10日發(fā)布了《大氣污染防治行動(dòng)計(jì)劃》,其中的控煤、淘汰黃標(biāo)車(chē)等政策為我國(guó)黑碳減排在政策上提供了支持。
[Abstract]:Aerosols are particles suspended in the air, is China's major air pollutants, is one of the leading major leader of atmospheric visibility. The atmospheric aerosol can by light scattering and absorption of direct effects of climate change or by changing the optical properties of the cloud and the indirect effects of climate cycle. In addition, the atmospheric aerosol in particular in the aerosol ultrafine particles will endanger human health, causing respiratory and cardiovascular diseases. In the atmospheric aerosol, is called a kind of black carbon and most obvious distinct components, because it is light absorbing material mainly in aerosols, are more prone to climate warming. The tiny black carbon aerosol the particle size (typically less than 1 microns), making it more dangerous to human health. Based on the above reasons, to carry out research and observation of black carbon aerosol emissions control Has a very important significance. In order to better understand the contribution of black carbon on air pollution and climate effect, from November 1, 2013 to October 31, 2014 in China Environmental Science Research Institute (Beijing) the use of black carbon instrument (Aethalometer) concentration on black carbon was monitored for one year, with the aerosol turbidity meter (Nephelometer) and Thermo type Sientific5030 particles mixed monitor data synchronization, trend analysis of black carbon aerosol concentration changes and SSA (single scattering albedo) relationship, Beijing found that black carbon aerosol concentration diurnal variation of Shuangfeng structure, black carbon aerosol mass concentration peaks at 6 - 8 and 20 - 24 while changes coincided with the black carbon aerosol concentration trend SSA the opposite trend, showing a negative correlation. During the period of heavy pollution in February, black carbon aerosol concentration and PM2 The concentration of.5 is very high, but the black carbon aerosol concentration and SSA (single scattering albedo) the trend did not show a good negative correlation as the diurnal variation of it. In addition, in order to more comprehensive and accurate understanding of black carbon emissions in China, September 2014, Atmospheric Environment Research Institute of environmental Science Chinese the Department organized the investigation group of 9 people, in cooperation with the Hebei city of Baoding province environmental protection departments at all levels, in the village to investigate the rural energy consumption in rural areas of Hebei. The results showed that the amount of coal may reach 3500-4000 million tons, is 7-8 times the national statistical yearbook published by the digital, but mainly to coal. Because the rural coal combustion no completely in control of the state, black carbon emissions may be far more than the existing emission inventory data. If it is to control the rural coal, so is great for black carbon emission reduction in China. The contribution of composition and literature in the study of fruit On the basis, puts forward the suggestions of black carbon emissions in China. First, before combustion control: because black carbon is mainly due to the incomplete combustion of carbon energy, if we use carbon free or low carbon energy to replace high carbon energy, so black carbon production and discharge will second, reduce; combustion control: because black carbon is produced by incomplete combustion of carbon energy, if we increase the combustion efficiency, the yield will reduce black carbon; third, control after burning: black carbon is a part of the particles in the energy, after burning with a piece of dust into the atmosphere therefore, through the removal of dust to execute. It must be pointed out that black carbon emissions in addition to technical support, but also need to cooperate in policy. China attaches great importance to air pollution, in 2013 September 10th issued the "air pollution prevention action plan The policy of coal control and the elimination of yellow standard vehicles provides support for the policy of black carbon emission reduction in China.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：河南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X513

【相似文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 ;黑碳,又一個(gè)氣候“搗蛋鬼”[J];戀愛(ài)婚姻家庭(養(yǎng)生);2010年03期

2 韓晶;;被忽視的氣候殺手——黑碳[J];大科技(科學(xué)之謎);2010年07期

3 吳成;張曉麗;李關(guān)賓;;黑碳吸附汞砷鉛鎘離子的研究[J];農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境科學(xué)學(xué)報(bào);2007年02期

4 何躍;張甘霖;楊金玲;阮心玲;趙玉國(guó);龔子同;;城市化過(guò)程中黑碳的土壤記錄及其環(huán)境指示意義[J];環(huán)境科學(xué);2007年10期

5 余向陽(yáng);應(yīng)光國(guó);劉賢進(jìn);Rai Kookana;張興;;土壤中黑碳對(duì)農(nóng)藥敵草隆的吸附-解吸遲滯行為研究[J];土壤學(xué)報(bào);2007年04期

6 支國(guó)瑞;張小曳;胡秀蓮;陳穎軍;薛敏;張養(yǎng)梅;張曉春;盛國(guó)英;傅家謨;;可持續(xù)發(fā)展背景下的黑碳減排[J];氣候變化研究進(jìn)展;2009年06期

7 穆燕;秦小光;劉嘉麒;殷志強(qiáng);;黑碳的研究歷史與現(xiàn)狀[J];海洋地質(zhì)與第四紀(jì)地質(zhì);2011年01期

8 王揚(yáng)鋒;馬雁軍;陸忠艷;周德平;劉寧微;張?jiān)坪?洪也;;遼寧地區(qū)大氣黑碳?xì)馊苣z質(zhì)量濃度在線連續(xù)觀測(cè)[J];環(huán)境科學(xué)研究;2011年10期

9 黃亮;張國(guó)森;吳瑩;張經(jīng);;東海內(nèi)陸架表層沉積物中黑碳的分布及來(lái)源[J];地球與環(huán)境;2012年01期

10 林田;方引;陳穎軍;胡利民;郭志剛;張干;;東海內(nèi)陸架沉積物中黑碳分布及其與持久性有機(jī)污染物的相關(guān)性研究[J];環(huán)境科學(xué);2012年07期

相關(guān)會(huì)議論文 前10條

1 崣竹子;曹幫歟;朱崇抒;R墫ㄐ，

本文編號(hào)：1430259