本文關(guān)鍵詞：城市霧霾的外部成因及對(duì)公眾的影響分析　出處：《中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 霧霾 影響因素 PADM模型 公眾風(fēng)險(xiǎn)感知 防護(hù)性行為

【摘要】：隨著空氣質(zhì)量的惡化,霧霾天氣顯著增多,造成的危害也越發(fā)嚴(yán)重。霧霾是大氣污染的一種狀態(tài),其形成有氣候、氣象等自然條件的原因,但更主要是人為的因素,例如工業(yè)排放,機(jī)動(dòng)車尾氣,冬季燃煤,建筑揚(yáng)塵等。霧霾的防治需從清理污染源頭入手,因此有必要對(duì)影響城市空氣質(zhì)量的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)變量進(jìn)行研究,這對(duì)于理清霧霾的來(lái)源,增強(qiáng)對(duì)霧霾成因的理性認(rèn)識(shí),提高霧霾治理效率,改善城市空氣質(zhì)量具有至關(guān)重要的作用。 霧霾作為一種公共危機(jī)事件,引起了學(xué)者和公眾的廣泛關(guān)注。在霧霾危機(jī)事件中,公眾風(fēng)險(xiǎn)感知不僅對(duì)個(gè)體在事件中的決策行為產(chǎn)生影響,也可以從根本上推動(dòng)或抑制危機(jī)事件中的經(jīng)濟(jì)和社會(huì)行為,進(jìn)而影響政府決策。因此,研究霧霾危機(jī)事件中的公眾風(fēng)險(xiǎn)感知和行為反應(yīng)對(duì)于政府了解公眾的應(yīng)急決策特點(diǎn),提高危機(jī)應(yīng)對(duì)的決策水平具有重要的意義。 首先,本文從人口數(shù)量,經(jīng)濟(jì)水平,經(jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu),城市化水平,機(jī)動(dòng)車數(shù)量,能源消費(fèi)、城市空氣質(zhì)量達(dá)標(biāo)天數(shù)等變量入手選取相應(yīng)的指標(biāo)進(jìn)行相關(guān)性分析,并提取影響城市空氣質(zhì)量的顯著變量進(jìn)行多元線性回歸。分析結(jié)果表明,人均GDP和單位GDP能耗是顯著影響城市空氣質(zhì)量達(dá)標(biāo)天數(shù)的變量；當(dāng)人均GDP增加1000元,單位GDP下降0.1噸時(shí),空氣達(dá)標(biāo)天數(shù)將相應(yīng)增加2天和5天。這表明轉(zhuǎn)變經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)方式,提高經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展質(zhì)量,調(diào)整能源消費(fèi)結(jié)構(gòu),降低單位GDP能耗,是治理霧霾,改善空氣質(zhì)量的必由之路。 其次,本文以防護(hù)性行為決策模型(PADM模型)為理論基礎(chǔ),通過(guò)問(wèn)卷調(diào)研分析了霧霾危機(jī)情景下公眾的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)感知差異及其對(duì)防護(hù)性行為決策的影響。研究結(jié)果表明,公眾對(duì)霧霾危害性有較高水平的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)感知,但是感知水平和行為意向之間存在較大差距；在霧霾信息獲取方面,公眾對(duì)全國(guó)性新聞網(wǎng)站、社交媒體、國(guó)家或省級(jí)電視臺(tái)、專家學(xué)者等信息渠道最為依賴,對(duì)市級(jí)政府提供的霧霾信息最不信任,揭示了地方政府提高公信力的緊迫性；此外,公眾認(rèn)為政府應(yīng)承擔(dān)起防治霧霾的主要責(zé)任,其次是工業(yè)和建筑企業(yè),再次是公眾個(gè)體,然而歸因于公眾個(gè)體的被調(diào)查者表現(xiàn)出更高水平的防護(hù)性行為意向,這表明提高公眾的責(zé)任意識(shí)有助于提高公眾參與治理霧霾的效率。
[Abstract]:With the deterioration of air quality, the weather of haze increases significantly, and the harm is more serious. Haze is a state of air pollution, which is caused by natural conditions such as climate, meteorology and so on. But it is mainly human factors, such as industrial emissions, motor vehicle emissions, coal burning in winter, building dust and so on. The prevention and control of smog should start from cleaning up the source of pollution. Therefore, it is necessary to study the social and economic variables that affect urban air quality, which can clarify the source of haze, enhance the rational understanding of the causes of haze, and improve the efficiency of haze governance. Improving urban air quality plays a vital role. Haze, as a public crisis event, has attracted the attention of scholars and the public. In the haze crisis event, public risk perception not only has an impact on the individual decision-making behavior in the event. It can also fundamentally promote or suppress economic and social behavior in crisis events, thereby influencing government decision-making. It is of great significance for the government to understand the characteristics of the public emergency decision and to improve the decision-making level of the crisis response by studying the public risk perception and behavior response in the haze crisis. First of all, this paper from the population, economic level, economic structure, urbanization level, the number of motor vehicles, energy consumption, urban air quality standard days and other variables to select the corresponding indicators for correlation analysis. The significant variables affecting urban air quality were extracted for multivariate linear regression. The results showed that per capita GDP and energy consumption per unit GDP were the variables that significantly affected the number of days of urban air quality reaching the standard. When the per capita GDP increases 1, 000 yuan and the unit GDP drops 0. 1 ton, the number of days of air reaching the standard will increase by 2 days and 5 days accordingly. This indicates that the economic growth pattern should be changed and the quality of economic development will be improved. Adjusting energy consumption structure and reducing energy consumption per unit GDP are the only way to control smog and improve air quality. Secondly, this paper is based on the protective behavior decision model (PADM model). The difference of the public's risk perception and its influence on the protective behavior decision under the haze crisis situation are analyzed by questionnaire. The results show that the public has a high level of risk perception about the harm of haze. But there is a big gap between perceived level and behavioral intention. In terms of access to haze information, the public relies most on national news websites, social media, national or provincial television stations, experts and scholars, and most distrust of the haze information provided by municipal governments. It reveals the urgency of improving the credibility of local governments; In addition, the public believes that the government should assume the primary responsibility for the prevention and treatment of haze, followed by industrial and construction enterprises, and then the public individual. However, the respondents who were attributed to the public individuals showed a higher level of protective behavior intention, which indicated that raising public awareness of responsibility was helpful to improve the efficiency of public participation in haze governance.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X513;X823

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