本文關(guān)鍵詞：環(huán)境煙草煙霧中顆粒物上載帶組分及凈化研究　出處：《浙江師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 環(huán)境煙草煙霧 顆粒物 載帶組分 粒徑分布 自然衰減 靜電除塵器 凈化效率 環(huán)境濕度

【摘要】：香煙燃燒形成的環(huán)境煙草煙霧(Environmental Tobacco Smoke, ETS)對(duì)人群健康危害嚴(yán)重,由吸煙引起的諸多呼吸系統(tǒng)、心血管系統(tǒng)疾病已得到國(guó)內(nèi)外諸多研究者的證實(shí)。本論文主要的工作重點(diǎn)分為以下三個(gè)方面：首先,用8級(jí)安德森采樣器收集香煙燃燒釋放的顆粒物,對(duì)顆粒物上載帶的碳(有機(jī)碳OC、元素碳EC)、25種元素、5種離子進(jìn)行了分析,實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果可知,香煙顆粒物上的總碳含量在20%-23%之間,其中OC占總碳含量的90%以上,分析的25種元素含量中排名前四的是K, S, C1, Cd,香煙顆粒物上離子分析知含量最高的是SO42-。香煙煙塵較燃煤塵、燃油塵而言,OC含量高,因而煙塵更具毒性,K元素可以作為香煙顆粒物的標(biāo)識(shí)元素應(yīng)用于居室顆粒物來源解析中。其次,用電遷移掃描顆粒物分析儀實(shí)時(shí)監(jiān)測(cè)香煙從開始點(diǎn)燃到香煙燃盡兩小時(shí)后實(shí)驗(yàn)艙環(huán)境中顆粒物的情況,得到不同濕度(Relative Humidity, RH)參數(shù)下香煙的粒徑譜和隨時(shí)間推移不同粒徑段顆粒物的衰減規(guī)律。香煙燃燒釋放的顆粒物粒徑分布在100-800nm之間,峰粒徑在290nm左右,香煙燃燒環(huán)境的濕度會(huì)對(duì)其釋放顆粒物的數(shù)量有所影響,但不影響其粒徑分布。在顆粒物衰減過程分析中,小顆粒物的衰減比大顆粒物快,且濕度對(duì)小粒子的衰減過程的影響比對(duì)大粒子的衰減過程更顯著。最后,用自行設(shè)計(jì)的模擬吸煙機(jī)研究靜電除塵器對(duì)香煙煙霧的凈化過程,考察不同外加電壓、濕度和燃煙速率對(duì)ETS的凈化效率的影響。研究結(jié)果顯示：電除塵器最佳的粒徑去除范圍為0.4～2.1μm；電壓增大,除塵器的凈化效率增加,綜合考慮能效比的話,20 kV是最優(yōu)的外加電壓值；濕度增加有利于大顆粒物(2μm)的凈化去除,但對(duì)小顆粒物的凈化效率基本無影響；香煙燃燒速率的變化會(huì)影響香煙燃燒釋放顆粒物的粒徑分布,從而對(duì)電除塵器的凈化效率造成影響.
[Abstract]:Cigarette smoke Environmental Tobacco smoke (ETSs) is harmful to the health of people, and it is caused by many respiratory systems caused by smoking. Cardiovascular diseases have been confirmed by many researchers at home and abroad. The main work of this paper is divided into the following three aspects: first, the 8 grade Anderson sampler was used to collect particulate matter from cigarette combustion. The organic carbon (OC) and elemental carbon (ECC) of 25 elements and 5 kinds of ions were analyzed. The experimental results showed that the total carbon content of particulate matter in cigarette was between 20% and 23%. OC accounted for more than 90% of the total carbon content, and the top four elements were K, S, C _ 1 and CD. The content of SO42-was the highest in particulate matter of cigarette, and the content of OC in fuel dust was higher than that in coal dust, so smoke dust was more toxic. K element can be used as the identification element of cigarette particulate matter in the analysis of the source of indoor particulate matter. Secondly. Electromigration scanning particle analyzer was used to monitor the particulate matter in the environment of the experimental cabin from the start of cigarette ignition to the cigarette burnout for two hours. The relative Humidity of different humidity was obtained. Under the RH) parameters, the particle size spectrum of cigarette and the attenuation law of particulate matter in different particle size sections over time. The particle size distribution of cigarette burning and releasing particles ranged from 100 to 800 nm. The peak particle size is about 290 nm, the humidity of cigarette combustion environment will affect the amount of released particles, but it will not affect the particle size distribution. The attenuation of small particles is faster than that of large particles, and the effect of humidity on the attenuation process of small particles is more significant than that of large particles. Finally. The self-designed simulated smoking machine was used to study the purification process of cigarette smoke by electrostatic precipitator (ESP) and to investigate the different applied voltages. The effects of humidity and smoke burning rate on the purification efficiency of ETS were studied. The results showed that the optimal particle size removal range of ESP was 0.4U 2.1 渭 m. When the voltage increases, the purification efficiency of the dust collector increases, and the optimal applied voltage is 20 kV when the energy efficiency ratio is taken into account. The increase of humidity is beneficial to the purification and removal of large particles (2 渭 m), but has no effect on the purification efficiency of small particles. The change of cigarette combustion rate will affect the particle size distribution of the particulate matter released by the cigarette combustion, thus affecting the purification efficiency of the electrostatic precipitator.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：浙江師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X513;TU834.6

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本文編號(hào)：1425358