本文關(guān)鍵詞：柴河流域種植方式與溝渠類型對(duì)農(nóng)田徑流氮、磷含量的影響　出處：《水土保持學(xué)報(bào)》2016年06期 　論文類型：期刊論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 農(nóng)田種植方式 農(nóng)田溝渠類型 氮磷流失 農(nóng)田地表徑流 柴河流域

【摘要】：為了解高原湖泊流域內(nèi)農(nóng)田種植方式及溝渠類型對(duì)雨季徑流中固體懸浮物及氮磷濃度變化的影響,在柴河流域不同農(nóng)田種植方式(蔬菜地、玉米地、大棚種植區(qū))的區(qū)域內(nèi)選擇典型自然溝渠及土質(zhì)溝渠進(jìn)行自然降雨過程中徑流氮、磷含量分析。結(jié)果表明:(1)該區(qū)域農(nóng)田徑流水體總氮(TN)、總磷(TP)平均值為27.16,17.18mg/L,相對(duì)地表V類水質(zhì)限值而言超標(biāo)嚴(yán)重,溶解態(tài)氮(DN)與顆粒態(tài)磷是氮、磷的主要存在形態(tài),符合面源污染特征;(2)降雨是影響徑流污染物含量最重要的因素之一。除此之外,種植方式對(duì)總氮、溶解態(tài)氮及溶解態(tài)磷(DP)具有顯著影響(P0.05),而溝渠類型對(duì)污染物含量的影響不顯著(P0.05);(3)在同一降雨量(18.05 mm)條件下,蔬菜地及大棚區(qū)的農(nóng)田徑流氮含量(TN:32.26 mg/L和29.02mg/L,DN:21.33mg/L和17.46mg/L)顯著高于玉米地(TN:18.33mg/L,DN:6.23mg/L),大棚區(qū)徑流的磷素含量(TP:17.46mg/L,DP:2.16mg/L)則顯著高于蔬菜地(TP:6.89mg/L,DP:1.38mg/L)及玉米地(TP:7.92mg/L,DP:0.64mg/L);自然溝渠相對(duì)于土質(zhì)溝渠可以顯著降低徑流中的總磷、DN及DP含量(P0.05)。研究結(jié)果表明在同一降雨量條件下,土地種植方式仍是影響柴河流域面源污染的主要因素,溝渠雖然可以有效降低面源污染含量,但其影響卻小于土地種植方式。因此建議在流域面源污染控制及水土保持過程中,首先需要對(duì)流域原有種植結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,然后在此基礎(chǔ)上實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)現(xiàn)有溝渠生態(tài)化水平的改造與提升,以增加對(duì)面源污染物的控制效能。
[Abstract]:In order to understand the effect of farmland planting pattern and channel type on the change of solid suspended matter and nitrogen and phosphorus concentration in runoff during rainy season, different cultivation patterns (vegetable land and corn field) were used in Chaihe River Basin. The nitrogen and phosphorus contents in runoff during natural rainfall were analyzed in typical natural ditches and soil gullies in greenhouse planting area. The results showed that the total nitrogen and phosphorus contents of runoff water in the region were 1: 1) the total nitrogen content of runoff water in this region was TNN). The average value of total phosphorus (TPN) is 27.16 ~ 17.18 mg 路L ~ (-1), which is serious compared with the limit of V water quality on the surface. Dissolved nitrogen (DN) and particulate phosphorus are the main forms of nitrogen and phosphorus. Accord with the characteristics of non-point source pollution; (2) rainfall is one of the most important factors affecting runoff pollutant content. In addition, planting pattern has a significant effect on total nitrogen, dissolved nitrogen and dissolved phosphorus (DPDP). However, the effect of channel type on pollutant content was not significant (P 0.05). (3) under the condition of the same rainfall of 18.05 mm), the nitrogen content of farmland runoff in vegetable field and greenhouse area was 29.02 mg / L and 29.02 mg / L, respectively, and the nitrogen content was 32.26 mg/L and 29.02 mg / L. DN:21.33mg/L and 17.46 mg / L) were significantly higher than TN1: 18.33 mg / L DN: 6.23 mg / L). The phosphorus content of runoff in greenhouse area was significantly higher than that in vegetable land (TP: 17.46 mg / L, DP: 2.16 mg / L), and was significantly higher than that in vegetable field (TP: 6.89 mg / L). DP1: 1.38 mg / L) and corn field TP1: 7.92 mg / L DP0: 0.64 mg / L; Compared with the soil channel, the natural channel can significantly reduce the total phosphorus DN and DP content in the runoff. The results show that under the same rainfall condition. Land planting pattern is still the main factor affecting non-point source pollution in Chaihe River Basin. Although ditch can effectively reduce the content of non-point source pollution. However, the effect is less than that of land cultivation. Therefore, it is suggested that the original planting structure should be optimized in the process of non-point source pollution control and soil and water conservation. On this basis, the ecological level of the existing ditch can be improved and improved to increase the control efficiency of the non-point source pollutants.
【作者單位】： 云南大學(xué)生態(tài)學(xué)與環(huán)境學(xué)院;昆明學(xué)院生命科學(xué)與技術(shù)系;云南省高校特色生物資源開發(fā)與利用重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;
【基金】：國家水體污染控制與治理科技重大專項(xiàng)(2012ZX07102-003) 國家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(31360152) 云南省應(yīng)用基礎(chǔ)研究項(xiàng)目(2014FD040) 云南省高校特色生物資源開發(fā)與利用重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室開放基金(GXKM201506)
【分類號(hào)】：X712;X52
【正文快照】： (P0.05).In conclusion,planting mode was one of the main factors influencing non-point source pollutionin the same rainfall.Though ditch can decrease effectively non-point source pollution,the contribution ofditch was less than the planting mode.Based on

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