本文關(guān)鍵詞：青島市顆粒物和臭氧濃度特征及形成過(guò)程分析　出處：《中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： WRF-CMAQ PM_(2.5)和O_3 日變化 主控因素 貢獻(xiàn)來(lái)源

【摘要】：隨著全球城市化和工業(yè)化的加快,O3和PM2.5污染已成為了全球最為嚴(yán)重的大氣污染問題,而區(qū)域性、復(fù)合型的大氣污染更是我國(guó)面臨的嚴(yán)峻環(huán)境問題。因此本研究旨在探討大氣O3和PM2.5的生成過(guò)程和控制因素,研究重度霾污染區(qū)域?qū)χ苓叺貐^(qū)大氣污染的影響,為國(guó)家區(qū)域大氣污染控制對(duì)策提供理論基礎(chǔ)。本論文選擇青島市為重點(diǎn)研究區(qū)域,利用WRF-CMAQ模式對(duì)2013年5月17至6月7日(非采暖期)和11月8至12月7日(采暖期)青島市以及中國(guó)東部地區(qū)O3和PM2.5進(jìn)行模擬研究,并與青島市空氣質(zhì)量監(jiān)測(cè)子站觀測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)比,探究模擬誤差原因；采用綜合過(guò)程速率分析方法(IPR)量化不同大氣物理和化學(xué)過(guò)程對(duì)青島市O3和PM2.5濃度變化的貢獻(xiàn)：利用O3/NOx和PH2O2/PHNO3指示劑法探討青島市O3的主要控制因素；通過(guò)情景模擬方案研究華北區(qū)域霾污染對(duì)青島市PM2.5濃度影響。模擬結(jié)果顯示,WRF-CMAQ模型能夠合理的模擬出青島市在非采暖期和采暖期O3和PM2.5的變化特征。青島市非采暖期和采暖期O3的模擬值與觀測(cè)值的R2分別為0.13和0.21,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化平均偏差分別為71.1和95.9%；NOx源排放偏差導(dǎo)致其O3濃度高估。而非采暖期和采暖期青島市PM2.5的模擬值與觀測(cè)值的R2分別為0.20和0.21,標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化平均偏差分別為-21.8%和-14.3%；氣象模式對(duì)氣流、大氣邊界層和降水的模擬誤差,以及二次有機(jī)顆粒物生成機(jī)制的不完整,是造成模擬與實(shí)測(cè)PM2.5變化趨勢(shì)差異的原因。大氣O3生成過(guò)程分析結(jié)果顯示,不同過(guò)程對(duì)青島市近地面O3日變化貢獻(xiàn)在非采暖期和采暖期基本一致。其主要來(lái)源過(guò)程為垂直傳輸,清除過(guò)程為水平傳輸、干沉降和氣相化學(xué)過(guò)程。而不同過(guò)程對(duì)青島市不同高度O3日變化貢獻(xiàn)在非采暖期和采暖期存在差異,其中在非采暖期垂直傳輸至青島市近地面的臭氧是由氣相化學(xué)作用在100m高度以上大氣中形成,以及在240m以上由周圍區(qū)域水平傳輸而來(lái)。而在采暖期垂直傳輸至青島市近地面的臭氧是由氣相化學(xué)作用在240m高度以上大氣中形成；以及在500m以上由周圍區(qū)域水平傳輸而來(lái)。大氣PM2.5生成過(guò)程分析結(jié)果顯示,不同過(guò)程對(duì)青島市不同高度PM2.5日變化貢獻(xiàn)在非采暖期和采暖期呈現(xiàn)不同。在非采暖期,近地面PM2.5來(lái)源過(guò)程為源排放、霧化學(xué)過(guò)程以及出現(xiàn)在下午至次日早晨的垂直傳輸,去除過(guò)程為水平傳輸、氣溶膠化學(xué)過(guò)程、干沉降以及出現(xiàn)在中午的垂直傳輸；并且在非采暖期垂直傳輸至青島市近地面PM2.5的主要來(lái)源除了源排放外,是由氣溶膠化學(xué)過(guò)程在40m以上空中生成,以及在240m以上由周圍區(qū)域水平傳輸而來(lái)。而在采暖期,近地面PM2.5的主要來(lái)源為源排放,主要去除過(guò)程為水平傳輸、干沉降、氣溶膠化學(xué)過(guò)程以及出現(xiàn)在中午的垂直傳輸和霧化學(xué)過(guò)程：而采暖期青島市近地面PM2.5的主要垂直來(lái)源是由霧化學(xué)過(guò)程在100m以上空中生成,以及500米以上空中從周圍區(qū)域水平傳輸而來(lái)。O3/NOx和PH2O2/PHNO3指示劑模擬結(jié)果顯示,在非采暖期青島市位于中國(guó)沿海VOC控制帶中,其O3生成受VOC和NOx協(xié)同控制或VOC控制;而在采暖期,沿海VOC控制帶向內(nèi)陸擴(kuò)展,青島市O3生成在該時(shí)期受VOC控制。情景模擬方案結(jié)果顯示,在非采暖期消減華北區(qū)域的NH3和SO2可以最好的控制青島市PM2.5濃度：在采暖期消減NH3和NOx排放,對(duì)PM2.5降低最顯著。并且華北地區(qū)不同區(qū)域?qū)η鄭u市PM25貢獻(xiàn)不同,北京天津河北地區(qū)、山東西北部區(qū)域和青島市區(qū)域?qū)η鄭u市PM2.5貢獻(xiàn)分別為27.4%、28.5%和24.1%。其中北京天津河北地區(qū)主要對(duì)青島市貢獻(xiàn)了NO3-和NH4+,SO42-的主要貢獻(xiàn)區(qū)域可能為煙臺(tái)市。因此在非采曖期控制青島市O3和PM2.5污染可以通過(guò)減少華北區(qū)域的VOC和SO2工業(yè)排放；但在采暖期雖然減少華北區(qū)域(特別是京津冀地區(qū))的NOx排放可以有效控制青島市PM2.5濃度,但是由于其O3受VOC控制,反而會(huì)增加O3的濃度。所以要有效治理青島市采暖期O3和PM2.5污染,除了考慮單一污染物控制因素外,還要綜合大氣污染物復(fù)合的特點(diǎn)。
[Abstract]:With the development of global city and speed up the industrialization of O3 and PM2.5 pollution has become the most serious air pollution problems for global and regional air pollution, the compound is even more serious environmental problems in China. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the formation process and control factors of atmospheric O3 and PM2.5, effects of severe haze the contaminated area to air pollution in the surrounding areas, for the national and regional air pollution control measures to provide a theoretical basis. This paper chooses Qingdao city as the key research area, in May 2013 17 to June 7th by using the WRF-CMAQ model (non heating period) and November 8 to December 7th (heating period) of Qingdao city and the eastern China O3 and PM2.5 simulation and, compared with the observation data of air quality monitoring in Qingdao City, explore the simulation error reason; using analysis method for integrated process rate (IPR) to quantify the different atmospheric physical and chemical. History contribution to Qingdao O3 and PM2.5 concentration, the main control of Qingdao O3 using O3/NOx and PH2O2/PHNO3 indicator method; simulated impact of North China regional haze pollution on the concentration of PM2.5 in Qingdao city. The simulation results show that the WRF-CMAQ model can reasonably simulate the variation characteristics in Qingdao city and non heating period the heating period O3 and PM2.5. Simulation of heating and heating period O3 and observed values of R2 were 0.13 and 0.21 in Qingdao, the standardization of the average deviation is 71.1 and 95.9% respectively; NOx emission bias leads to the concentration of O3 overestimated. Rather than analog PM2.5 in Qingdao city during heating and heating period and value observations of R2 were 0.20 and 0.21, the average standard deviation is -21.8% and -14.3% respectively; meteorological model on the flow simulation of the atmospheric boundary layer error and precipitation, and two organic particle formation mechanism. The whole, is the cause of the simulated and measured PM2.5 trend differences. The analytical results of atmospheric O3 generation process shows that the contribution to Qingdao city surface O3 diurnal variation of different processes are basically the same in the non heating period and the heating period. The main source for vertical transmission, removing horizontal transmission, dry deposition and gas phase chemical process. The different process of Qingdao in different height O3 diurnal variation contribution difference in heating period and non heating period, which in the near ground unheating vertical transfer to Qingdao City, ozone is formed by gas phase chemical reaction at the height of 100m above the atmosphere, as well as in the area around the level above 240m by transmission in. Near the ground heating period of vertical transfer to Qingdao City, ozone is formed by gas phase chemistry in 240m height above the atmosphere; and more than 500m in the area around the level of transmission and the production of PM2.5 atmosphere. The analysis results showed that the different process of Qingdao in different height PM2.5 diurnal variation showed different contribution in heating period and non heating period. In the non heating period, near ground PM2.5 source as the source of emissions, chemical fog process and appear in the afternoon until the next morning the vertical transmission and horizontal transmission for the removal process, aerosol chemical process. Dry deposition as well as appear in the vertical transmission at noon; and the main source in the non heating period vertical transfer to Qingdao City, near the ground PM2.5 in addition to the source of emissions, is generated in the air above 40m by aerosol chemical process, as well as in the 240m above by the area around the horizontal transmission while in the heating period, the main source of near ground PM2.5 the sources, the main removal process for the settlement of horizontal transfer, dry aerosol chemical process and in vertical transmission and fog chemical process at noon: heating period in Qingdao city near the ground PM2 The main source of.5 is to generate vertical air above 100m by spray chemical process, as well as 500 meters above the air from the surrounding area and level of transmission.O3/NOx and PH2O2/PHNO3 indicator simulation results show that the non heating period in Qingdao city is located in the coastal zone of Chinese VOC control, the O3 generated by the cooperative control or VOC control VOC and NOx; and in the heating period, the coastal zone VOC control to extend inland city of Qingdao O3 generated by the VOC control in this period. Scenarios simulation results show that the non heating period in North China region NH3 and subtractive SO2 can PM2.5 concentration control in Qingdao: the best in the heating period to cut the NH3 and NOx emissions of PM2.5 decreased most significantly. And in different regions of North China in Qingdao city PM25 Beijing Tianjin Hebei area with different contribution, northwest Shandong area and Qingdao City area of Qingdao City, PM2.5 were 27.4%, 28.5% and 24.1%. in the Tianjin River in Beijing North Main NO3- and NH4+ contribution to the city of Qingdao, the main contribution of regional SO42- possible for the city of Yantai. In the non heating period in Qingdao city O3 and PM2.5 pollution can be reduced by VOC and SO2 in North China regional industrial emissions; but in the heating period while reducing North China region (especially the Beijing Tianjin Hebei region) NOx can effectively control the emission concentration of PM2.5 in Qingdao City, but because of the O3 controlled by VOC, but will increase the concentration of O3. So the effective management of heating period in Qingdao O3 and PM2.5 pollution control factors, in addition to considering the single pollutant, but also comprehensive air pollution characteristics of composite.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)海洋大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X51

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