本文關(guān)鍵詞：環(huán)黃渤海濕地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)分布研究—遼寧沿海地區(qū)濕地景觀格局變化分析　出處：《安徽理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 濕地 景觀格局 景觀指數(shù) 沿海地區(qū)

【摘要】：濕地因?yàn)槠渲匾沫h(huán)境效益和生態(tài)功能而被譽(yù)為“地球之腎”和“生物超市”,它不僅能夠?yàn)槿祟愄峁┍匦璧纳姝h(huán)境,而且在保護(hù)生物的多樣性方面有著不可替代的作用。近年來(lái),隨著沿海地區(qū)城市化進(jìn)程的加快和人口的大量增加,人類活動(dòng)對(duì)濕地生態(tài)環(huán)境的干擾日趨強(qiáng)烈,不合理的開發(fā)利用對(duì)濕地資源造成了大面積的破壞,天然濕地面積逐漸減少,破碎化程度加劇,濕地生態(tài)服務(wù)功能日益衰退。如何有效地保護(hù)和恢復(fù)濕地資源己成為我國(guó)濕地可持續(xù)利用的研究熱點(diǎn)。 本文根據(jù)遼寧沿海地區(qū)濕地景觀的特點(diǎn),應(yīng)用遙感技術(shù)獲得遼寧沿海地區(qū)2000、2007和2014年三期遙感影像并進(jìn)行人工目視解譯,然后利用ARCGIS軟件得到遼寧沿海地區(qū)的濕地資源分類圖,運(yùn)用FRAGSTATS軟件進(jìn)行相關(guān)景觀指數(shù)的計(jì)算,采用轉(zhuǎn)移矩陣和景觀指數(shù)對(duì)研究區(qū)過(guò)去15年的土地利用、沿海地區(qū)的濕地景觀格局變化和驅(qū)動(dòng)力進(jìn)行了研究,結(jié)果表明： (1)濕地的總面積在逐年增加,人工濕地的比重在逐年增加,而自然濕地面積比重在降低； (2)濕地斑塊類型多樣性程度降低,破碎化程度逐年下降； (3)濕地與不同景觀類型之間發(fā)生著相互轉(zhuǎn)化,其中有大量濕地轉(zhuǎn)化為農(nóng)田和城鎮(zhèn),大部分人工濕地取代了天然濕地； (4)在自然條件下,天然濕地之間也存在著相互轉(zhuǎn)化； (5)景觀格局的變化主要受人為干擾的影響,同時(shí),自然因素也是不可忽視的重要因素。
[Abstract]:Wetland is praised as "kidney of the earth" and "biological supermarket" because of its important environmental benefit and ecological function. It can not only provide necessary living environment for human beings. In recent years, with the rapid development of urbanization and the increase of population in coastal areas, the disturbance of human activities to wetland ecological environment is becoming more and more intense. Unreasonable development and utilization of wetland resources caused a large area damage, natural wetland area gradually decreased, the degree of fragmentation intensified. Wetland ecological service function is declining day by day. How to effectively protect and restore wetland resources has become the research hotspot of wetland sustainable utilization in China. According to the characteristics of wetland landscape in coastal areas of Liaoning Province, three issues of remote sensing images of 2007 and 2014 were obtained by remote sensing technology and interpreted artificially. Then the wetland resources classification map of Liaoning coastal area is obtained by using ARCGIS software, and the related landscape index is calculated by FRAGSTATS software. The changes and driving forces of wetland landscape pattern in the past 15 years in the study area were studied by using transfer matrix and landscape index. The results showed that: 1) the total area of wetland is increasing year by year, the proportion of constructed wetland is increasing year by year, and the proportion of natural wetland area is decreasing; (2) the diversity of wetland patches decreased and the degree of fragmentation decreased year by year. (3) Wetland and different landscape types are transformed mutually, among which a large number of wetlands are transformed into farmland and towns, and most of the constructed wetlands replace natural wetlands. 4) under the natural conditions, there is also mutual transformation between the natural wetlands; 5) the change of landscape pattern is mainly influenced by human disturbance, and the natural factor is also an important factor that can not be ignored.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：安徽理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X171;P901

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