本文關(guān)鍵詞：城市污水處理廠二級處理出水中磷的組分及去除特性研究　出處：《西安建筑科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 二級出水 磷組分 化學(xué)除磷 混凝沉淀

【摘要】：我國城市污水處理廠廣泛采用生物脫氮除磷工藝去除污水中的營養(yǎng)物,在夏季和水質(zhì)變化較大的場合,部分污水處理廠出水總磷不能穩(wěn)定達(dá)到國家《城鎮(zhèn)污水處理廠污染物排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)》(GB18918-2002中)中的一級A標(biāo)準(zhǔn),為此,需要采用化學(xué)除磷進行強化和補充。而化學(xué)沉淀法對磷的去除效果與水中磷的形態(tài)密切相關(guān)。本研究以西安市第三、四和五污水處理廠的生物脫氮除磷系統(tǒng)為對象,對二級處理出水中磷的存在形態(tài)進行理論分析和現(xiàn)場測定,在此基礎(chǔ)上,以第三、第四和第五污水處理廠的二級處理出水采用PAC和Al2(SO4))3進行化學(xué)沉淀和混凝試驗,探討相應(yīng)的除磷效果。主要得到以下結(jié)論:(1)城市污水處理廠二級處理出水中的磷以多種形式存在,而水質(zhì)控制工程中磷的分類方法不能更好的表達(dá)磷的組分,本試驗根據(jù)化學(xué)法物質(zhì)的分類,將城市污水處理廠二級處理出水中的總磷,分為懸浮態(tài)磷(粒徑0.45um)、膠體態(tài)磷(粒徑0.45um~1nm)以及溶解態(tài)磷(粒徑1nm),可更加全面準(zhǔn)確地反映二級出水中磷的存在形態(tài)。(2)通過對西安市第三、四、五污水處理廠二級處理出水各種磷形態(tài)的測定得出西安市第四和第五污水處理廠二級處理出水中的磷形態(tài)主要以溶解態(tài)磷存在,懸浮態(tài)磷、膠體態(tài)磷和溶解態(tài)磷所占總磷的比例分別為5%~15%、15%~25%、60%~70%和12.5%~20%、12.5%~20%、50%~75%;西安市第三污水處理廠二級處理出水中的懸浮態(tài)磷含量和膠體態(tài)磷濃度接近,其占總磷的比例分別為20%~27%、15%~30%。針對不同形態(tài)的磷,采用的去除對策也將不同。(3)依據(jù)磷化學(xué),磷酸鹽在不同的p H條件下的形態(tài)不同,主要包括H3PO4、H2PO4-、HPO42-及PO43-四種存在形態(tài)。由于城市污水處理廠二級處理出水的p H在6~9之間,通過理論計算,廢水中的磷酸鹽主要以H2PO4-、HPO42-形態(tài)存在,所以,在化學(xué)沉淀除磷的過程中,主要是H2PO4-、HPO42-與Al3+反應(yīng)生成Al PO4沉淀,從而達(dá)到降低磷含量的目的,而非常規(guī)認(rèn)識的PO43與Al3+反應(yīng)形成沉淀。(4)通過燒杯試驗,比較了聚合氯化鋁和硫酸鋁兩種除磷劑的除磷效果。當(dāng)總磷為0.9 mg/L(均值)時,PAC和Al2(SO4)3的投加量分別為4mg/L和6mg/L(以Al計),處理后的總磷濃度小于0.5mg/L,可以穩(wěn)定達(dá)到國家城鎮(zhèn)污水處理廠污染物排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)GB18918-2002中的一級A標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。PAC比Al2(SO4)3的處理效果好、穩(wěn)定。
[Abstract]:Biological denitrification and phosphorus removal process is widely used to remove nutrients from municipal wastewater treatment plants in China, and it is widely used in summer and in situations where water quality changes greatly. The total phosphorus of the effluent from some sewage treatment plants can not reach the first class A standard of the National Standard for pollutants discharge in the Municipal sewage treatment Plant (GB 18918-2002). Chemical phosphorus removal needs to be strengthened and supplemented. The removal effect of phosphorus by chemical precipitation method is closely related to the form of phosphorus in water. The biological denitrification and phosphorus removal system of the fourth and fifth sewage treatment plants was used as the object. The existing forms of phosphorus in the secondary treatment effluent were theoretically analyzed and measured on the spot. On this basis, the third was taken as the third. The secondary effluent of 4th and 5th sewage treatment plants was treated with PAC and Al2(SO4))3 to carry out chemical precipitation and coagulation tests. The main conclusions are as follows: 1) phosphorus in secondary treatment water of municipal wastewater treatment plant exists in many forms. However, the classification method of phosphorus in water quality control engineering can not express the components of phosphorus better. According to the classification of chemical substances, the total phosphorus of secondary treatment water of municipal wastewater treatment plant is treated. It can be divided into suspended phosphorus (particle size 0.45 nm), colloidal phosphorus (particle size 0.45 um) and dissolved phosphorus (particle size 1 nm). Can more comprehensively and accurately reflect the existence form of phosphorus in secondary effluent. 2) pass through the third and fourth parts of Xi'an city. The determination of various phosphorus forms in the secondary treatment effluent of the fifth sewage treatment plant shows that the phosphorus forms in the secondary treatment effluent of Xi'an 4th and 5th sewage treatment plants are mainly dissolved phosphorus and suspended phosphorus. The proportions of colloidal phosphorus and dissolved phosphorus to total phosphorus were 50.15% and 15.55%, respectively, and about 70% and 12.5% respectively. The suspended phosphorus content and colloidal phosphorus concentration in the secondary treatment water of the third sewage treatment Plant of Xi'an are close to each other, and the proportion of the suspended phosphorus to the total phosphorus is 20%, 2727% and 15% respectively. According to phosphorus chemistry, the species of phosphate in different pH conditions are different, including H3PO4H2PO4-. Four forms of HPO42- and PO43- exist. Due to the pH of secondary effluent from municipal wastewater treatment plant is between 6 and 9, through theoretical calculation, the phosphate in wastewater is mainly H2PO4-. Therefore, in the process of phosphorus removal by chemical precipitation, the reaction of H2PO4-HPO42- with Al3 resulted in Al PO4 precipitation. In order to reduce phosphorus content, unconventional PO43 reacted with Al3 to form precipitate. 4) beaker test was carried out. The phosphorus removal effects of two kinds of phosphorus removal agents, polyaluminium chloride and aluminum sulfate, were compared when the total phosphorus was 0.9 mg / L (mean value). The dosages of PAC and Al2(SO4)3 were 4 mg / L and 6 mg / L, respectively. It can stably reach the first class A standard of GB18918-2002 of the national municipal wastewater treatment plant's pollutant discharge standard. The treatment effect of Al2(SO4)3 is better and more stable than that of Al2(SO4)3.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X703

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