本文關(guān)鍵詞：組配改良劑對(duì)稻田系統(tǒng)中重金屬及砷的調(diào)節(jié)與控制　出處：《中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 水稻 砷 重金屬Pb、Cd 組配改良劑

【摘要】：本論文研究了水稻不同生育期根際和非根際土壤中砷形態(tài)的遷移和轉(zhuǎn)化規(guī)律：研究了不同改性的高嶺土(煅燒、煅燒+HC1、煅燒+NaOH.煅燒+A12(SO4)3)和碳酸鈣及鈣鎂磷肥對(duì)土壤中重金屬及砷的固化效果。將上述固化材料進(jìn)行多比例的兩相或三相組配,篩選出效果較好的1個(gè)組配(碳酸鈣+偏高嶺土+鈣鎂磷肥4：2：1,以下簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)為L(zhǎng)MF),施用與水稻盆栽試驗(yàn)土壤中,研究了在不同施用量下(0、0.5、1、2、4、8、16g·kg-1)組配改良劑LMF對(duì)模擬稻田系統(tǒng)中重金屬和砷的固化效果,以及水稻各部位對(duì)重金屬和砷的吸收與累積。主要研究結(jié)果如下：(1)隨著水稻生育期的延長(zhǎng),根際及非根際土壤pH值和砷T(mén)CLP提取態(tài)含量均逐漸上升,且非根際土壤pH值和砷T(mén)CLP提取態(tài)含量均高于同時(shí)期根際土壤。水稻各生育期根際和非根際土壤中交換態(tài)砷(Ex-As)含量均低于水稻種植前,并隨著水稻生育期的延長(zhǎng)逐漸上升。與水稻種植前相比,鋁型砷(Al-As)、鐵型砷(Fe-As)和鈣型砷(Ca-As)含量在水稻種植后逐漸上升,但并不顯著。殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)砷(O-As)和總砷(T-As)含量在水稻種植后逐漸下降,在根際土壤中下降了37.30%和14.69%,非根際土壤中下降了31.38%、8.67%。在水稻不同生育期,土壤各形態(tài)砷含量均表現(xiàn)為：殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)鐵型砷鋁型砷鈣型砷交換態(tài)砷。殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)砷含量占總砷的46.5%-68.3%,交換態(tài)砷所占比例不到0.5%。(2)在高嶺土改性篩選試驗(yàn)中,添加4g·kg-1的煅燒改性高嶺土,土壤中交換態(tài)砷、鉛、鎘(Ex-As, Ex-Pb, Ex-Cd)含量分別降低了32.14%、13.03%和2.78%；土壤中砷、鉛、鎘各TCLP提取態(tài)(TCLP-As, TCLP-Pb, TCLP-Cd)含量分別下降了29.91%、10.09%和1.27%。4：2：1的碳酸鈣+煅燒改性高嶺土+鈣鎂磷肥(以下簡(jiǎn)稱(chēng)LMF)是對(duì)土壤重金屬和砷綜合固化效果最好的一組,與空白相比,添加4g·kg-1的LMF,土壤pH值上升了1.75個(gè)單位,土壤中交換態(tài)砷、鉛、鎘(Ex-As, Ex-Pb, Ex-Cd)含量分別降低了92.86%、93.33%和19.10%；土壤中砷、鉛的TCLP提取態(tài)(TCLP-As, TCLP-Pb)含量分別下降了43.60%、23.17%,對(duì)鎘的TCLP提取態(tài)含量無(wú)顯著影響。(3)在水稻盆栽試驗(yàn)中,隨著組配改良劑LMF施用量的增加,土壤pH值、交換性鹽基總量(TEB)和陽(yáng)離子交換量(CEC)均呈上升趨勢(shì),鹽基飽和度(BS)和有機(jī)質(zhì)(OM)含量無(wú)明顯變化規(guī)律。施用LMF對(duì)土壤重金屬Pb、Cd的賦存形態(tài)產(chǎn)生顯著影響,能顯著降低Pb, Cd酸可提取態(tài)含量和Pb有機(jī)結(jié)合態(tài)含量,略微提高Pb鐵錳氧化物結(jié)合態(tài)和殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)含量,對(duì)Cd鐵錳氧化物結(jié)合態(tài)、殘?jiān)鼞B(tài)含量和總量無(wú)顯著影響。隨著LMF施用量的增加,TCLP提取態(tài)Pb的含量逐漸降低,TCLP提取態(tài)Cd的含量無(wú)顯著變化。施用LMF對(duì)SH(水稻種植前)和CS(水稻收獲后)土壤中As的各形態(tài)含量影響均不相同,隨著組配改良劑施用量的增加,兩種土壤中交換態(tài)As均呈現(xiàn)出先下降后上升的趨勢(shì)。兩種土壤交換態(tài)As含量的變化均是在組配改良劑施用量為2mg·kg-1時(shí)含量最低。(4)在水稻盆栽試驗(yàn)中,施用組配改良劑LMF能影響水稻各個(gè)部位中Pb、Cd和As含量。隨著LMF施用量的增加,糙米中Pb、Cd含量逐漸降低,與對(duì)照相比,Pb、Cd分別降低了8.44%～99.57%、27.49%～74.05%。當(dāng)LMF施用量為16 g·kg-1時(shí),糙米中Pb、Cd含量分別為0.002 mg·kg-1、0.185 mg·kg-1,低于國(guó)家食品中污染物限量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(GB 2762-2012)中大米Pb和Cd的限量(0.20mg·kg-1)。糙米中Pb、Cd、As的含量與土壤中各活性較高的提取態(tài)(酸可提取態(tài)、交換態(tài)、TCLP提取態(tài))含量均呈現(xiàn)顯著或極顯著的相關(guān)關(guān)系。
[Abstract]:This paper studies the migration and transformation regularity of arsenic speciation in different growth stages of rice rhizosphere and non rhizosphere soil in different modified kaolin were studied (calcination, calcination +HC1, +NaOH. calcined calcined +A12 (SO4) 3) and calcium carbonate and calcium magnesium phosphate on heavy metals and arsenic in soil. The effect of solid phase with the group or three-phase multi curing material proportion, selected 1 groups with better effect (calcium carbonate + metakaolin + calcium magnesium phosphate 4:2:1, hereinafter referred to as LMF), and the application of rice pot experiment in soil was studied under different application amounts (0,0.5,1,2,4,8,16g - kg-1) group with curing effect modifier LMF on heavy metal and arsenic paddy simulation system, and in different parts of heavy metal and arsenic uptake and accumulation. The main results are as follows: (1) with the increase of rice growth period, soil pH in the rhizosphere and non rhizosphere TCLP value and extractable content The amount was increased gradually, and the non rhizosphere soil pH content were higher than the same period of extraction and TCLP in rhizosphere soil. The growth period of rice rhizosphere and non rhizosphere soil exchangeable arsenic (Ex-As) content were lower before planting rice, and increased with the growth period of rice increased gradually. Compared with the rice before planting, aluminium arsenic, iron arsenic (Al-As) (Fe-As) and calcium arsenic (Ca-As) content increased gradually in rice cultivation, but not significant. The residue of arsenic (O-As) and total arsenic (T-As) content decreased in rice cultivation, in the rhizosphere soil decreased by 37.30% and 14.69% and in non rhizosphere soil decreased by 31.38%, 8.67%. in different growth stages of rice, the arsenic content in the soil are as follows: the residual iron arsenic arsenic aluminum calcium arsenic arsenic. The arsenic content of exchangeable residual total arsenic 46.5%-68.3%, exchangeable arsenic accounted for less than 0.5%. (2) in Gaoling modified screening tests, Add 4G kg-1 calcined modified kaolin, arsenic, lead and cadmium in the soil exchange, (Ex-As, Ex-Pb, Ex-Cd) content decreased by 32.14%, 13.03% and 2.78%; the soil arsenic, lead, cadmium, TCLP extractable (TCLP-As, TCLP-Pb, TCLP-Cd) content decreased by 29.91%, calcium carbonate calcination 10.09% and 1.27%.4:2:1 modified kaolin + calcium magnesium phosphate (hereinafter referred to as LMF) is on the soil heavy metals and comprehensive curing effect of the best group, compared with blank, add 4G and kg-1 LMF, soil pH value increased by 1.75 units, arsenic, exchange of lead in soil, cadmium (Ex-As, Ex-Pb, Ex-Cd) content decreased by 92.86%, 93.33% and 19.10%; the soil arsenic, lead TCLP extractable (TCLP-As, TCLP-Pb) content decreased by 43.60%, 23.17%, on CD TCLP extractable content had no significant effect. (3) in rice in the pot experiment, with the increase of group with modifier LMF fertilizer, soil pH The value of total exchangeable base (TEB) and cation exchange capacity (CEC) showed an upward trend, base saturation (BS) and organic matter (OM) content had no significant change. LMF application on soil Pb, significantly affect the chemical speciation of Cd, can significantly reduce the Pb, Cd acid extractable content Pb and organic boundforms, slightly increased Pb iron manganese oxide bound and residual content of Cd Fe Mn oxides, had no significant effect of residue content and total. With the increase of LMF dosage, extraction content of Pb decreased gradually and TCLP, TCLP content Cd showed no significant changes. The application of LMF to SH (before planting rice) and CS (rice harvest) affect the content of soil in the form of As are not the same, with the increasing dosage group with modified agent, two kinds of soil exchangeable As showed an upward trend after the first drop. Two kinds of soil exchangeable As content change All is in the group with amendments is 2mg - kg-1 (4). The lowest content in rice in the pot experiment, the application of combined amendments LMF can affect all parts of rice in Pb, Cd and As content. With the increase of LMF dosage, rice Pb, Cd content decreased gradually, and the control compared to Pb, Cd were decreased by 8.44% ~ 99.57%, 27.49% ~ 74.05%. when LMF application amount was 16 g kg-1, Pb Cd content in brown rice, respectively, 0.002 mg - kg-1,0.185 Mg - kg-1, lower than the national food standard of pollutants (GB 2762-2012) in rice Pb and Cd Limited (0.20mg - kg-1). Pb Cd, brown rice, the high activity extractable content and soil in As (acid extractable, exchangeable, TCLP extractable) content showed significant correlations.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：中南林業(yè)科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X56;S511

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