本文關鍵詞：黃姜皂素廢水預處理與廢渣資源化利用的研究　出處：《西北農(nóng)林科技大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 皂素廢水 絮凝 肥料 資源化利用

【摘要】：黃姜皂素加工工業(yè)的快速發(fā)展,不僅可以促進激素類藥物產(chǎn)業(yè)的發(fā)展,同時可以帶動黃姜種植業(yè)的發(fā)展,使當?shù)剞r(nóng)民脫貧致富。然而,在提取皂素過程中,會產(chǎn)生大量的高酸度廢水和固體廢渣,嚴重影響了我們賴以生存的環(huán)境,造成了一定程度的污染,阻礙了黃姜產(chǎn)業(yè)良好持續(xù)的發(fā)展。因此,研究一種可資源化利用黃姜皂素廢水廢渣的方法意義重大。西北農(nóng)林科技大學改進的黃姜皂素清潔生產(chǎn)工藝中,提取1噸皂素會產(chǎn)生約300噸廢水,7-8噸廢渣。廢物的主要特點:廢水酸度高,有機物濃度高;廢渣難以降解。以黃姜皂素生產(chǎn)過程當中產(chǎn)生的廢水、廢渣作為本試驗對象,研究了制備無機肥和有機肥的工藝參數(shù);由于皂素廢棄物中,廢水量遠多于廢渣量,僅將它們結(jié)合制備無機肥和有機肥不能將廢水全部處理完,剩余的廢水運用絮凝沉淀法處理,確定了最佳操作條件。試驗研究結(jié)果表明:(1)分別將皂素廢水蒸發(fā)濃縮為1/2、1/3、1/4、1/6、1/10不同的濃縮量,與廢渣焚燒灰混合制肥。濃縮量為1/2、1/3、1/4時,濃縮物和廢渣焚燒灰混合制得的肥料,鉀含量分別為10.08%、14.03%、17.23%,其中濃縮量為1/4,黏度比較適合制作復混肥。10-10-10的復混肥配方:廢水1t,濃縮至0.25t,0.05t KOH,0.195t的廢渣焚燒灰,0.146t的尿素、0.095t磷酸二氫銨,也可根據(jù)不同作物需求作適當調(diào)整。(2)以黃姜皂素提取中產(chǎn)生的廢水、廢渣為原料,按配方:9.75L廢水、0.42kg KOH、0.13kg尿素和6.5kg廢渣、0.3kg磷酸氫二鉀混合均勻,加入發(fā)酵菌劑發(fā)酵制備有機肥。經(jīng)檢測制得的有機肥料中,有機質(zhì)、N、P、K指標均符合農(nóng)業(yè)部有機肥標準。(3)進水pH小于1,COD為75160mg/L,研究了pH值(生石灰調(diào)節(jié))、PAM、殼聚糖投加量對廢水COD和沉降效率的影響。結(jié)果表明,最佳pH為8.5時,廢水的COD由75160mg/L下降到63255mg/L,去除率為15.83%,最佳沉降時間50 min;PAM最佳投量為0.8mg/mL時,COD由63255mg/L下降到45423mg/L,去除率為28.19%,最佳沉降時間20min;殼聚糖最佳投加量為1.0 mg/mL時,COD由63255mg/L下降到46688mg/L,去除率為26.19%,最佳沉降時間25min。綜合考慮處理效果和經(jīng)濟成本,PAM為廢水處理較好的絮凝劑。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of diosgenin processing industry, not only can promote the development of hormone drugs industry, also can drive the development of yellow ginger planting, the local farmers out of poverty. However, in the process of extracting saponin, high acidity wastewater and solid waste generated, seriously affecting the survival of our environment, cause a certain degree of pollution, impeded the yellow ginger industry sustainable development. Therefore, research on a resource utilization method of diosgenin wastewater residue is significant. Ginger Zao Suqing clean production process improvement in Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, 1 tons of saponin extraction will produce about 300 tons of waste water, 7-8 tons of waste residue. The main characteristics of waste the wastewater with high acidity, high concentration of organic compounds; waste residue produced by wastewater is difficult to be degraded. The Diosgenin production process, waste residue as the test object, studied the preparation of inorganic and organic fertilizer The process parameters of fertilizer; due to saponin waste, waste water amount is far more than the amount of waste, only the combined preparation of inorganic fertilizer and organic wastewater can not be processed all, the remaining wastewater using flocculation treatment, the optimal operation conditions were determined. The results show that: (1) the saponin wastewater evaporation as the mass concentration of 1/2,1/3,1/4,1/6,1/10, and waste incineration ash mixed fertilizer. The mass concentration of 1/2,1/3,1/4, concentrate and waste incineration ash mixed fertilizer, potassium content were 10.08%, 14.03%, 17.23%, of which the mass concentration of 1/4, the viscosity is suitable for compound fertilizer formula fertilizer wastewater:.10-10-10 1t, 0.25t 0.05T KOH, to concentrate, 0.195t waste incineration ash, 0.146t urea, two 0.095t ammonium hydrogen phosphate, can be adjusted according to the different needs of crops. (2) to extract diosgenin wastewater from waste residue produced in the original The material, according to the formula: 0.42kg KOH, 9.75L wastewater, 0.13kg urea and 6.5kg residue, 0.3KG two potassium hydrogen phosphate mixed evenly, adding fermentation agent was prepared by fermentation of organic fertilizer. Organic fertilizer prepared by detection, organic matter, N, P, K indicators are in line with the Ministry of agriculture organic fertilizer standard (3) water. PH is less than 1, COD 75160mg/L, of pH value (lime regulation), PAM, chitosan dosage effect on wastewater COD and settling efficiency. The results show that the optimum pH is 8.5, the COD of the wastewater decreased from 75160mg/L to 63255mg/L, the removal rate was 15.83%, the best settling time 50 min; PAM the best dosage of 0.8mg/mL, COD decreased from 63255mg/L to 45423mg/L, the removal rate was 28.19%, the best settling time 20min; chitosan dosage was 1 mg/mL, COD decreased from 63255mg/L to 46688mg/L, the removal rate was 26.19%, the best settling time 25min. considering the treatment effect and economic cost for wastewater PAM A better flocculant.

【學位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X787

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