本文關(guān)鍵詞：電解鋅過(guò)程產(chǎn)生的含鉈廢水處理技術(shù)研究　出處：《湘潭大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：鉈是一種劇毒物質(zhì),水體鉈污染越來(lái)越嚴(yán)重,近年來(lái)關(guān)于鉈中毒事件時(shí)有報(bào)道。本研究以電解鋅生產(chǎn)過(guò)程中產(chǎn)生的含鉈廢水為對(duì)象,采用氧化破絡(luò)-硫化沉淀-絮凝沉淀-吸附的組合工藝進(jìn)行實(shí)驗(yàn)室小試研究。實(shí)驗(yàn)考察了次氯酸鈉氧化破絡(luò)、硫化鈉沉淀、絮凝沉淀及樹(shù)脂吸附聯(lián)合處理含鉈廢水的分步效果,確定了最佳工藝參數(shù);重點(diǎn)研究了以聚合硅酸硫酸鋁鐵和二甲基二烯丙基氯化銨復(fù)配制得復(fù)合絮凝劑(PSAF-DMDAAC),并優(yōu)化了制備條件。主要結(jié)論如下:(1)以次氯酸鈉氧化破絡(luò)法與硫化鈉沉淀法聯(lián)合處理含鉈廢水時(shí),應(yīng)用Box-Behnken中心組合設(shè)計(jì)原理對(duì)工藝參數(shù)進(jìn)行優(yōu)化,次氯酸鈉投加量、硫化鈉投加量、硫化反應(yīng)時(shí)間、次氯酸鈉投加量與硫化鈉投加量交互項(xiàng)均為顯著影響因子;模型預(yù)測(cè)最優(yōu)工藝條件為:次氯酸鈉投加量為0.6m L/L,硫化鈉投加量為0.76g/L,硫化反應(yīng)時(shí)間為36.72min。在最優(yōu)工藝條件下,驗(yàn)證實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果:平均Tl去除率為97.81%,剩余Tl濃度為399μg/L,與模型預(yù)測(cè)結(jié)果97.98%偏差率為0.17%。(2)復(fù)合絮凝劑(PSAF-DMDAAC)具有很好的絮凝效果,制備PSAFDMDAAC最佳工藝參數(shù)為:(Al+Fe)/Si摩爾比為2:1、Al/Fe摩爾比為1:2、DMDAAC用量為0.8%、復(fù)配溫度為80℃,在最佳制備條件下制備的絮凝劑對(duì)廢水中色度、濁度及Tl去除率可分別達(dá)到95%、96.7%、94.4%;PSAF-DMDAAC能高效去除廢水中鉈,除鉈最佳工藝參數(shù)為:廢水初始pH=9.5、絮凝劑投加量為0.8g/L、沉淀時(shí)間15min;在最佳工藝參數(shù)下,絮凝劑對(duì)廢水中色度、濁度及Tl的去除率分別達(dá)到96%、96.8%、95.6%,剩余Tl濃度為18μg/L。(3)實(shí)驗(yàn)考察了pH值、溫度、Tl初始濃度及吸附時(shí)間對(duì)樹(shù)脂吸附性能的影響,本吸附實(shí)驗(yàn)的最佳pH值為9;最佳吸附溫度為30℃;研究表明:樹(shù)脂對(duì)Tl的吸附在80 min時(shí)可以達(dá)到吸附平衡,且樹(shù)脂對(duì)Tl的吸附符合二級(jí)動(dòng)力學(xué)吸附模型;樹(shù)脂吸附Tl最大吸附容量為636.94μg/L,該類吸附過(guò)程符合Langmuir單分子層吸附模型;用動(dòng)態(tài)吸附法研究樹(shù)脂對(duì)Tl的吸附,吸附達(dá)到飽和時(shí)的累積吸附量為621.4μg/g;用靜態(tài)吸附法對(duì)樹(shù)脂的再生性能進(jìn)行研究,樹(shù)脂經(jīng)過(guò)再生重復(fù)使用6次后,對(duì)Tl的吸附率仍然高達(dá)95.8%;樹(shù)脂動(dòng)態(tài)吸附擴(kuò)大化實(shí)驗(yàn)研究表明:實(shí)驗(yàn)裝置控制流速為20L/h時(shí),吸附效果較好,出水中Tl濃度穩(wěn)定在2.9μg/L~3.2μg/L。
[Abstract]:Thallium is a highly toxic substance, and the pollution of thallium in water is becoming more and more serious. In recent years, thallium poisoning events have been reported. The experimental study was carried out by using the combined process of oxidation breaking, sulphide precipitation, flocculation precipitation and adsorption, and the oxidation of sodium hypochlorite and the precipitation of sodium sulphide were investigated. The effect of flocculation precipitation and resin adsorption on the treatment of thallium wastewater was studied and the optimum process parameters were determined. The compound flocculant (PSAF-DMDAAC) was prepared from polyaluminum ferric silicate sulfate and dimethyl diallyl ammonium chloride. The main conclusions are as follows: sodium hypochlorite oxidation breaking method and sodium sulfide precipitation method are used to treat thallium wastewater. The process parameters, sodium hypochlorite dosage, sodium sulphide dosage and vulcanization reaction time were optimized by using the principle of Box-Behnken center combination design. The interaction between the dosage of sodium hypochlorite and the dosage of sodium sulfide was significant. The optimum technological conditions were as follows: the dosage of sodium hypochlorite was 0.6 mL / L, the dosage of sodium sulfide was 0.76 g / L, and the vulcanization time was 36.72 min. The experimental results showed that the average TL removal rate was 97.81% and the remaining TL concentration was 399 渭 g / L. The composite flocculant PSAF-DMDAAC has a good flocculation effect compared with the predicted result of the model. The deviation rate of 97.98% is 0.17% and the compound flocculant PSAF-DMDAAC) has a good flocculation effect. The optimum technological parameters for preparing PSAFDMDAAC were as follows: the molar ratio of Fe)/Si to Al was 2: 1 / Fe, the molar ratio of Al / Fe was 1: 2, the amount of DMDAAC was 0.8%. The optimum preparation conditions of flocculant were as follows: the color, turbidity and TL removal rates of wastewater were 95%, 96.796% and 94.4%, respectively, at the temperature of 80 鈩，

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