本文關(guān)鍵詞：重金屬和菌肥對植物修復(fù)鈾污染土壤的影響　出處：《西南科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 鈾 重金屬 EM 菌肥 菊苣 植物修復(fù)

【摘要】：本研究以菊苣(Cichorium intybus L.)為修復(fù)植物,采用盆栽試驗研究鈾和重金屬在植物修復(fù)過程中的相互影響以及微生物菌肥在修復(fù)過程中的作用,為植物-微生物聯(lián)合修復(fù)技術(shù)的應(yīng)用和推廣提供依據(jù)。土壤處理分兩次進行:(1)鈾處理濃度分別為:0、50、100、150 mg·kg-1干土,每個鈾濃度下面分別設(shè)計鎘、鉛、汞、鎳、鉻5種重金屬處理,濃度分別為0、低濃度(1倍本底濃度)和高濃度(5倍本底濃度),以鈾和重金屬的0處理為對照。(2)在試驗(1)結(jié)束后向鈾、鎳、鎘單獨處理及混合污染的土壤中施加200倍EM菌液。兩次試驗中播種、生長期間的管理及測定的各項指標(biāo)相同。試驗結(jié)果表明:(1)Cd和鈾共存對菊苣發(fā)芽有一定的傷害,并且Cd加強了鈾對菊苣生長的抑制作用。在高濃度鈾污染的土壤中,Pb或Hg或Ni的存在加強了鈾對菊苣實生苗生長的抑制作用,卻緩解了鈾對再生苗植株長高的影響,同時又與鈾共同促進了再生苗生物量的增加。含有Cr的處理中植株大部分死亡,Cr對菊苣的毒性最強。Pb或Hg或N i都可以在一定程度上緩解高濃度鈾對菊苣的傷害,主要表現(xiàn)為當(dāng)U=150 mg·kg-1時,鈾與某種重金屬的聯(lián)合污染與單獨鈾污染相比凈光合速率增加,Fo下降,Fv/Fm和Fm升高。(2)在高濃度鈾污染的土壤中,適當(dāng)濃度的Cd或Pb或Hg或Ni離子有助于菊苣對鈾的吸收和積累,其中Pb的促進作用最大,Ni的促進作用最小,同時Cd有利于鈾從根部向莖葉轉(zhuǎn)移。在Cd或Pb或Ni污染的土壤中,鈾的存在抑制菊苣對這三種重金屬的吸收,同時高濃度鈾(150 mg·kg-1)抑制Cd從根部向莖葉轉(zhuǎn)移,卻增加Ni或Pb的轉(zhuǎn)移。(3)EM菌肥加重了鈾單獨脅迫及高濃度鈾鎘共同脅迫對菊苣的傷害,導(dǎo)致菊苣葉片的凈光合速率(Pn)和Fv/Fm降低,卻能提高POD和SOD的活性減輕對細(xì)胞膜的損傷。另外,EM菌肥可以提高菊苣對鈾鎳共同脅迫的耐受性。(4)在低濃度鈾單獨污染土壤中,EM菌肥不利于菊苣對鈾的吸收,但是提高了鈾從菊苣根部向莖葉的轉(zhuǎn)移效率。在高濃度鈾污染土壤中,高濃度鎳或鎘存在時,EM菌肥不利于菊苣對鈾的吸收和轉(zhuǎn)移,低濃度鎳存在時有利于菊苣對鈾的吸收。在鎳單獨脅迫及高濃度鈾鎳共同脅迫下,EM菌肥不利于菊苣對鎳的吸收,卻有助于鎳從根部向莖葉轉(zhuǎn)移。在高濃度鎘與高濃度鈾共同污染土壤中,菌肥有助于菊苣對鎘的吸收。因此,在高濃度鈾污染土壤中,一定濃度重金屬的存在減輕了鈾對植物的脅迫;在中低濃度鈾污染土壤中,重金屬抑制植物對鈾的積累;在高濃度鈾污染土壤中,重金屬促進植物對鈾的積累;菌肥不利于植物對鈾的吸收,但可提高根系鈾向莖葉的轉(zhuǎn)移效率。
[Abstract]:In this study, Cichorium intybus L.) was used as restoration plant. Pot experiments were conducted to study the interaction between uranium and heavy metals in the process of phytoremediation and the role of microbial microbial fertilizer in the process of remediation. It provides the basis for the application and popularization of the plant-microorganism combined remediation technology. The soil treatment is divided into two stages. The concentration of uranium treatment is 150 mg 路kg-1 dry soil, respectively. Cadmium, lead, mercury, nickel and chromium were designed under each uranium concentration with concentrations of 0, 1 times background concentration (low concentration) and 5 times background concentration (high concentration). The soil contaminated with uranium, nickel and cadmium was treated separately and mixed with EM bacteria solution of 200 times after the end of test No. 1. The seeds were seeded in two experiments. The results showed that the coexistence of CD and uranium in the growth period caused some damage to the germination of chicory. CD enhanced the inhibitory effect of uranium on the growth of chicory. The presence of Pb or Hg or Ni in the soil contaminated with high concentration of uranium enhanced the inhibitory effect of uranium on the growth of chicory seedlings. However, the effect of uranium on the plant height of regenerated seedlings was alleviated, and at the same time, the biomass of regenerated seedlings was increased together with uranium. Most of the plants died in the treatment containing Cr. Cr was the most toxic to chicory. Pb or Hg or Ni could alleviate the damage of high concentration uranium on chicory to a certain extent. The main effect of Cr on chicory was that when UCU was 150mg 路kg-1. The combined contamination of uranium with some heavy metals increased the net photosynthetic rate (Fo) decreased FV / Fm and Fm increased in the soil contaminated with high concentration of uranium. The proper concentration of CD or Pb or Hg or Ni ions contributed to the absorption and accumulation of uranium in chicory. In the soil contaminated by CD or Pb or Ni, the presence of uranium inhibited the uptake of these three heavy metals by chicory. At the same time, high concentration of uranium (150 mg 路kg -1) inhibited the transfer of CD from roots to stems and leaves. However, increasing the transfer of Ni or Pb, the EM fertilizer increased the damage to chicory under the stress of uranium alone and high concentration of uranium and cadmium, which resulted in the decrease of net photosynthetic rate (PN) and Fv/Fm in leaves of chicory. But it could increase the activity of POD and SOD and reduce the damage to cell membrane. In addition, EM fertilizer could improve the tolerance of chicory to U-Ni co-stress. EM fertilizer was not conducive to the absorption of uranium from chicory, but increased the transfer efficiency of uranium from the root to stem and leaf of chicory. In the soil contaminated with high concentration of uranium, high concentration of nickel or cadmium existed. Em fertilizer was not conducive to the absorption and transfer of uranium in chicory, and the low concentration of nickel was beneficial to the absorption of uranium in chicory, but under the stress of nickel alone and high concentration of uranium and nickel, EM fertilizer was not conducive to the absorption of nickel in chicory. But it helps to transfer nickel from roots to stems and leaves. In the soil contaminated by high concentration of cadmium and high concentration of uranium, bacterial fertilizer is helpful to the absorption of cadmium in chicory. Therefore, in the soil contaminated with high concentration of uranium. The presence of certain concentrations of heavy metals alleviated the stress of uranium on plants. Heavy metals inhibit the accumulation of uranium by plants in the soil contaminated with low and medium concentrations of uranium. In the soil contaminated with high concentration of uranium, heavy metals promote the accumulation of uranium in plants. Bacterial fertilizer is not conducive to the absorption of uranium by plants, but it can improve the efficiency of uranium transfer from roots to stems and leaves.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X173;X53

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