本文關(guān)鍵詞：沿海地區(qū)濱海濕地開發(fā)與保護(hù)分析及珠江口濱海濕地調(diào)查研究　出處：《仲愷農(nóng)業(yè)工程學(xué)院》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 濱海濕地 珠江口濕地 開發(fā)利用 監(jiān)測(cè)

【摘要】：濕地是水陸相互作用而形成重要的自然生態(tài)系統(tǒng),它與森林、海洋被稱作地球上的“三大生態(tài)系統(tǒng)”。同時(shí),濕地也是人類重要的環(huán)境資源和物質(zhì)資源,因此,濕地的開發(fā)利用與保護(hù)成為世界范圍上環(huán)境保護(hù)的焦點(diǎn)問題。濱海濕地處于海洋與陸地的交錯(cuò)地帶,同時(shí)受到兩者的共同影響,是一個(gè)對(duì)外界反應(yīng)敏感的脆弱邊緣地帶。另外,濱海濕地也是經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)達(dá)、人口密集的地區(qū),承載著環(huán)境變化、經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展、人口增長等巨大的壓力。我國擁有18000公里漫長曲折的大陸海岸線,富集各種類型的濱海濕地資源。近年由于經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展驅(qū)使,濕地得到極大的開發(fā),導(dǎo)致濱海濕地資源嚴(yán)重破壞,損失退化不斷加劇,已成為了沿海經(jīng)濟(jì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的重要威脅。珠江口海域是中國經(jīng)濟(jì)活動(dòng)頻繁、人類活動(dòng)和自然因素交匯沖突集中的大河口海域之一,其濕地生態(tài)環(huán)境亦嚴(yán)重惡化。因此,我們通過對(duì)我國濱海濕地開發(fā)利用情況和珠江口濱海濕地現(xiàn)狀的研究分析,以期探討保護(hù)濱海濕地的對(duì)策。本文通過采集數(shù)據(jù)資料和實(shí)地監(jiān)測(cè)調(diào)查分析,整理了我國濱海濕地開發(fā)利用與保護(hù)方面的各類年鑒數(shù)據(jù)。同時(shí)在前人研究成果的基礎(chǔ)上,定點(diǎn)定期在珠江口采集水質(zhì)和沉積物樣品,對(duì)營養(yǎng)鹽、溶解氧、pH等指標(biāo)進(jìn)行調(diào)查分析,得出以下研究結(jié)果:1)我國濕地面積約為3848×104 hm2,而濱海濕地約為594×104 hm2,分布在山東、江蘇、廣東、遼寧、河北、浙江、廣西、福建、上海、海南和天津11個(gè)省市和香港、澳門、臺(tái)灣地區(qū)。沿海濱海濕地的主要利用形式有:鹽田、海水養(yǎng)殖、圍填海及設(shè)為保護(hù)區(qū),分別占濱海濕地總面積的5%、21%和73%。廣東省濱海海水可養(yǎng)殖面積最大,為835670公頃;其次是遼寧省,為725840公頃。第三為山東省,面積為512126公頃。廣東省進(jìn)行海水養(yǎng)殖的實(shí)際面積為203410公頃,沒有完全開發(fā)本地濱�？珊ＫB(yǎng)殖的海域。近年,為適應(yīng)社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)的發(fā)展,我國沿海地區(qū)大力發(fā)展圍海工程項(xiàng)目,建設(shè)港口和機(jī)場(chǎng)。2012年,沿海地區(qū)共有萬噸以上級(jí)港口1607個(gè),比上年增加了25個(gè),其中增加5萬噸級(jí)以上港口25個(gè)。2)2010年起,珠江口整體水質(zhì)狀況略有好轉(zhuǎn),從“不健康”狀況轉(zhuǎn)成“亞健康”狀況。但2014年珠江口攜入海的污染物量相比去年有所增加,其中COD 2014年比2013年增加了626620噸;氨氮(以氮計(jì))增加了7697噸;硝酸鹽氮(以氮計(jì))增加了195194噸;總磷(以磷計(jì))入海量增加了4698噸。通過對(duì)9個(gè)調(diào)查站位的監(jiān)測(cè),在2012年4月至2013年4月期間,珠江口海域的沉積物現(xiàn)狀良好,沒有受到重金屬銅、鉛、鋅和鎘的污染;表層海水的溶解氧含量達(dá)到國家一類海水水質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),底層海水達(dá)到國家二類海水水質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn);海水的PH值為國家三、四類海水水質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。但該海域海水嚴(yán)重富營養(yǎng)化,受無機(jī)氮污染嚴(yán)重,各監(jiān)測(cè)點(diǎn)的無機(jī)氮含量為國家海水水質(zhì)富營養(yǎng)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的4.64~8.3倍,其中尤以硝酸鹽含量最多,為國家四類海水水質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的1.17~6.35倍,是引起海水無機(jī)氮嚴(yán)重污染的主要成分。監(jiān)測(cè)期間,表層海水的銨鹽和沉積物中鎘的濃度在不同的時(shí)間里發(fā)生較大變化。87.5%站位點(diǎn)的銨鹽含量超出了國家二類海水水質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。但在2012年9月的監(jiān)測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)中,88.9%站位點(diǎn)的銨鹽含量遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)優(yōu)于一類海水,為國家一類海水水質(zhì)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的0.16~0.21倍。在2012年9月和2013年4月,各站位點(diǎn)沉積物中鎘的濃度大幅下降,相比2012年4月的監(jiān)測(cè)值,降幅達(dá)60%~100%。上述結(jié)果表明,珠江口濕地環(huán)境主要受到無機(jī)氮為主的污染威脅。
[Abstract]:The wetland is the interaction of land and water natural ecological system, and it is called the forest, Ocean on earth "three ecological system". At the same time, is also an important human environment of wetland resources and material resources, therefore, the development and utilization of wetland and protection has become a world focus on Environmental protection of coastal wetlands. In the ecotone between the ocean and land, and is influenced by both, is a sensitive to external fragile edge zone. In addition, the coastal wetland is developed, densely populated areas, carrying the environmental change, economic development, population growth and other great pressure. China has 18000 kilometers long, the coastline, coastal wetland resources enrichment of various types. In recent years due to economic development driven by wetland is greatly developed, resulting in serious damage to the coastal wetland resources, increasing loss and degradation Drama, has become an important threat to the sustainable development of coastal economy. The Pearl River estuary is China economic activities, human activities and natural factors of intersection conflict in the estuary area, the wetland ecological environment deterioration. Therefore, we through to our country coastal wetland utilization analysis and the research situation of the Pearl River Estuary coastal wetland the current situation, in order to explore the Countermeasures of coastal wetland conservation. This paper through collecting data and field monitoring investigation and analysis, sorting various yearbook data protection and utilization of coastal wetlands in China. At the same time on the basis of previous research results, fixed in the Pearl River Estuary collected water and sediment samples for nutrients, dissolved oxygen, pH and other indicators were investigated. The results of the study are as follows: 1) the wetland area in China is about 3848 * 104 Hm2, while the coastal wetland is about 594 * 104 hm2 distribution in Shandong Jiangsu, Guangdong, Liaoning, Hebei, Zhejiang, Guangxi, Fujian, Shanghai, Hainan and Tianjin, 11 provinces and Hongkong, Macao, Taiwan area. The main form of the use of coastal wetlands along the coast are: Yantian, mariculture, reclamation and conservation area, accounted for 5% of the total area of coastal wetlands, and 21% 73%. Guangdong Province coastal seawater aquaculture area of 835670 hectares; the largest, followed by the Liaoning Province, 725840 hectares. Third for the Shandong Province, an area of 512126 hectares. The actual area of Guangdong province aquaculture is 203410 hectares, can not fully develop local coastal aquaculture waters. In recent years, in order to adapt to the social and economic development China's coastal areas, vigorously develop the reclamation projects, the construction of the port and airport.2012, coastal area total million tons at port 1607, a year-on-year increase of 25, which increased more than 50 thousand ton port 25.2) since 2010, the Pearl River Estuary The overall water quality improved slightly, from "health" into "sub-health" status. But the amount of pollutants into the sea with the Pearl River Estuary in 2014 compared to last year increased, including COD in 2014 than in 2013 increased 626620 tons; ammonia nitrogen (n) increased 7697 tons; nitrate nitrogen (n) increased 195194 tons; total phosphorus (P gauge) into the sea increased 4698 tons. By monitoring the 9 survey stations, in the period from April 2012 to April 2013, the Pearl River estuary sediment situation is good, not affected by heavy metal copper, lead, zinc and cadmium pollution; dissolved oxygen content in the surface waters reach the national sea the standard of water quality, bottom water reached two national water quality standards; pH value of water for the three countries, four class water quality standards. But the waters of serious eutrophication, seriously polluted by inorganic nitrogen, inorganic nitrogen content of each monitoring point for the national sea 4.64~8.3 times water quality standards, especially in the nitrate content of up to 1.17~6.35 times, for the four national water quality standards, is the main component of seawater inorganic nitrogen pollution. During the monitoring period, concentration of surface water in the ammonium salt and cadmium in sediments occurred in different time in the great changes of site.87.5% ammonium salt content point beyond the two national water quality standards. But in September 2012 of the monitoring data in 88.9% stations, ammonium salt content is far better than that of a class of sea water, 0.16~0.21 times the national water quality standard. In September 2012 and April 2013, the concentration of cadmium in sediments of the stations fell sharply in April 2012 compared to the monitoring values a drop of 60%~100%.. The results indicate that the threat of pollution in Pearl River estuary wetland environment mainly dominated by inorganic nitrogen.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：仲愷農(nóng)業(yè)工程學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X171;X37

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相關(guān)期刊論文 前2條

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本文編號(hào)：1398968