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  本文關(guān)鍵詞：化工廢水處理污泥中有機污染物累積與分布特征　出處：《河北工程大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 化工廢水處理污泥 毒性有機污染物 污染水平 遷移轉(zhuǎn)化 歸趨分析 水-泥相分配 分布特征

【摘要】：化工廢水處理污泥含有大量廢水中遷移轉(zhuǎn)化而來的毒性污染物,尤其是毒性有機污染物,由于并未得到有效消減,這部分污染物在環(huán)境中的危害持續(xù)存在,雖然近些年來在化工廢水產(chǎn)生量和廢水處理率持續(xù)增加的背景下,化工廢水處理污泥的環(huán)境風險開始得到重視,但也主要集中在重金屬引起的環(huán)境毒性方面,對濃度相對較低但毒性更強的有機污染物尚停留在污染水平調(diào)查階段,而對其從廢水進入污泥的累積過程和遷移規(guī)律認識不足,為污泥的管理屬性認定和處置利用帶來了困難。因此有必要對化工廢水污泥中有機污染物從水相向泥相遷移轉(zhuǎn)化的富集機制、影響因素及其在污泥中的分布特征、污泥吸附的歸趨貢獻等加以研究。本論文選取煤液化、PTA及己內(nèi)酰胺三類化工廢水及其處理污泥為研究對象,結(jié)合定性分析和污染物毒性特征,篩選出VOCs、PAHs以及苯酚為后續(xù)研究的特征污染物,對其在廢水處理過程中的污染水平、去除特征及其在污泥中的富集濃度進行分析,并在此基礎(chǔ)上對其水泥相遷移轉(zhuǎn)化規(guī)律、污泥吸附的歸趨貢獻和去除規(guī)律以及其在生化污泥各組分中的空間分布特征進行了初步探究。三類化工廢水及其污泥中VOCs均主要以苯系物為主,PAHs則主要以低分子量的萘、菲等單體為主,二者污泥富集倍數(shù)可高達幾百至上千倍,危害性明顯,對于各處理工藝其ΣVOCs水相去除率均不足40%,去除效果有限,且在一定程度上促進了部分毒性污染物如氯代烴的產(chǎn)生;低分子量PAHs水相去除率相對較高,均大于70%,而隨著環(huán)數(shù)和分子量的增加其降解難度有所提高;苯酚在煤液化廢水入水中濃度較高,雖易消減且水相去除較為徹底,但其在污泥中的高度富集增加了環(huán)境風險。三類化工廢水處理產(chǎn)出的污泥中,生化污泥對VOCs(尤其是苯系物)和PAHs的吸附能力強于無機污泥;好氧污泥吸附VOCs的能力強于厭氧污泥,但其吸附PAHs的能力反不及后者;混合污泥吸附PAHs的能力有所增強,甚至超出單純生化污泥的吸附量;污泥對苯酚的吸附僅與產(chǎn)泥工序的先后有關(guān),而與污泥理化性質(zhì)關(guān)系不大。煤液化廢水歸趨分析中ΣVOCs的主要歸趨途徑為隨水排出(60.33%),揮發(fā)和生物降解貢獻率不足17%,污泥吸附雖不占主導(dǎo)作用(22.95%),但歸趨貢獻率遠高于早前報道;Σ16PAHs的主要歸趨途徑為污泥吸附(51.90%),其次為隨水排出(22.17%)和化學氧化降解(17.41%);苯酚主要為化學氧化降解(95.31%),其次為揮發(fā)及生物降解(4.59%),出水和污泥吸附所占比例雖小,但進水苯酚總量巨大,使苯酚在污泥中的吸附量同樣不容忽視,因此需對污泥中富集的上述有機污染物加強管控;Kow與各歸趨途徑去除率關(guān)系方面,隨著Kow的增大,VOCs和PAHs單體的出水排放率逐漸降低,但吸附去除率逐步增大,并在log Kow達到4.5時成為VOCs的主要去除途徑,而PAHs歸趨中吸附去除始終占主導(dǎo)。不同特征污染物及產(chǎn)泥工藝中泥-水相分配系數(shù)Kd差異較大,但基本表現(xiàn)為PAHs稍高于VOCs,而生化污泥則又高于無機污泥,PAHs更易從水相中進入泥相并富集;影響水-泥相分配的因素則主要有污泥理化性質(zhì)和污染物物化特性兩種,在吸附質(zhì)一致的情況下污泥的有機碳含量(Foc)及比表面積越大,其吸附能力越強,而在吸附劑相對穩(wěn)定時,污泥更傾向于吸附辛醇-水分配系數(shù)(Kow)大的污染物。三類廢水處理產(chǎn)生的生化污泥中富集的PAHs和VOCs均主要分布于胞內(nèi),且其對VOCs的吸附更占優(yōu)勢,但單就PAHs而言,好氧污泥胞內(nèi)物對其吸附能力又稍強于厭氧污泥;EPS對PAHs的相對吸附量雖不占優(yōu)勢,但其在初期吸附過程中的作用不可忽視,且不同理化性質(zhì)的生化污泥中SEPS和BEPS的表現(xiàn)也不一致,其中煤液化3T混合污泥和PTA射流曝氣污泥中SEPS吸附PAHs的能力強于BEPS,厭氧污泥中卻相反,而微孔曝氣池污泥中二者對PAHs的吸附能力則相當;苯酚由于溶解度較大,主要分布于SEPS和胞內(nèi),而在BEPS中則難以附著;對比相關(guān)研究還發(fā)現(xiàn),隨著時間的延長,生化污泥中污染物有從外層EPS向胞內(nèi)轉(zhuǎn)移的趨勢。此外,結(jié)合特征污染物的濃度分布和累積特征,三類污泥的處理處置應(yīng)以焚燒為主,而不宜進行填埋及作為土地利用。
[Abstract]:Chemical wastewater treatment sludge containing toxic pollutants and migration and transformation in a large number of wastewater, especially toxic organic pollutants, because has not been effectively reduced, the harm of pollutants in the environment continue to exist, although in recent years in chemical wastewater and wastewater treatment rate continued to increase under the background of environmental risk of chemical wastewater treatment sludge to get attention, but also focus on environmental toxicity caused by heavy metals, the relatively low concentration of organic pollutants but still more toxic pollution levels in the investigation stage, and the process of accumulation and migration from the wastewater into the sludge of lack of knowledge, for the management of the identification and disposal of the sludge properties is difficult. It is necessary for the enrichment mechanism of organic pollutants in water from chemical wastewater sludge to sludge phase transformation, and its influencing factors in sludge The distribution characteristics of the sludge adsorption attribution contribution to research. This paper selects the coal liquefaction, PTA and caprolactam three kinds of chemical wastewater and treatment of sludge as the research object, combining the qualitative analysis and the toxicity of pollutants characteristics, selected VOCs, PAHs and phenol as the characteristic pollutants of follow-up study, the wastewater treatment process the level of pollution removal characteristics and in sludge concentration enrichment analysis, and on the basis of the phase transformation regularity of cement, and removal of sludge adsorption tendency and its contribution in biochemical sludge in different components of the spatial distribution characteristics of a preliminary inquiry. Three kinds of chemical wastewater treatment and sludge in VOCs major in benzene, PAHs is mainly in the low molecular weight of naphthalene, phenanthrene and other monomers, the two sludge enrichment multiples can be as high as hundreds of thousands of times, obvious dangers, for each treatment process The total VOCs removal rate of water was less than 40%, the removal effect is limited, and to a certain extent, promotes the part of the toxic pollutants such as chlorinated hydrocarbons; low molecular weight PAHs water removal rate is relatively high, are more than 70%, and with the ring number and the increase of the molecular weight of the degradation has increased the difficulty of phenol concentration in water; high in coal liquefaction wastewater, and the removal of water is easy to cut more thoroughly, but the height of the sludge in the enrichment of increased environmental risks. Three kinds of chemical wastewater treatment sewage sludge, biochemical sludge on VOCs (especially benzene) and PAHs adsorption ability to the inorganic sludge; sludge aerobic ability the adsorption of VOCs is stronger than that of anaerobic sludge, but the adsorption capacity of PAHs than the latter; the ability of mixed sludge adsorption of PAHs was enhanced, and even beyond the adsorption of pure biochemical sludge; sludge adsorption of phenol and the only chronological about Mason But, with the physicochemical properties of sludge had little relation to the main tendency of coal liquefaction wastewater of sigma VOCs chemotaxis pathway for discharge with water (60.33%), volatilization and biodegradation contribution rate of less than 17%, the sludge adsorption although not dominant (22.95%), but the fate of the contribution rate is much higher than previously reported mainly; to the trend of sigma 16PAHs approach for sludge adsorption (51.90%), followed by discharge with water (22.17%) and (17.41%) chemical oxidation degradation; phenol was mainly chemical oxidation degradation (95.31%), followed by volatilization and biodegradation (4.59%), the effluent and sludge adsorption proportion is small, but the huge amount of phenol. The adsorption amount of phenol in the sludge can not be ignored, therefore the need to strengthen the control of the organic pollutants in sewage sludge; Kow and the fate of the way of removal rate, with the increase of Kow, VOCs and PAHs monomer water discharge rate decreased gradually, but the adsorption rate gradually Step increases, and in the log of Kow 4.5 has become the main removal pathway of VOCs, and PAHs to the removal of the leading trend. The different characteristics of pollutants and sludge production in the process of mud - water partition coefficient Kd is different, but the basic performance of PAHs was slightly higher than that of VOCs, but also higher than the inorganic sludge sludge. PAHs more easily from the aqueous phase into the mud and water sediment enrichment; factors affecting the phase distribution is mainly sludge physicochemical properties and physicochemical properties of two kinds of pollutants, the organic carbon content in sludge adsorption consistent condition (Foc) and the specific surface area is larger, the adsorption capacity is strong, and the adsorbent is relatively stable, the sludge adsorption tends to octanol water partition coefficient (Kow) of pollutants. Three kinds of wastewater treatment by biochemical sludge enriched in PAHs and VOCs were mainly distributed in the cytoplasm, and the adsorption of VOCs is more dominant, but the single PAHs, aerobic Sludge intracellular extracts on the adsorption capacity of the anaerobic sludge is stronger than EPS; on PAHs relative adsorption is not dominant, but the beginning of the adsorption process can not be ignored, SEPS and BEPS and the biochemical sludge physical and chemical properties of the performance is not consistent, including coal liquefaction 3T SEPS mixed adsorption PAHs sludge and PTA jet aeration in sludge anaerobic sludge is stronger than BEPS, but on the contrary, the adsorption capacity of two sludge micropore aeration tank of PAHs is quite large; because of the solubility of phenol, mainly distributed in SEPS and intracellular, and is hard to adhere to the BEPS; comparing the related research also found that with the extension of time, the pollutants are transferred from the biochemical sludge in the outer EPS to intracellular trend. In addition, combined with the characteristics of pollutants concentration distribution and accumulation characteristics, three kinds of sludge disposal should be burning, rather than as a landfill and land Make use of.

【學位授予單位】：河北工程大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X78

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