本文關(guān)鍵詞：云南個舊市郊農(nóng)田土壤—作物系統(tǒng)重金屬賦存形態(tài)　出處：《昆明理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 重金屬 土壤-作物系統(tǒng) 形態(tài)分析 改良劑 食品安全

【摘要】：近年來,土壤重金屬污染問題日益受到人們關(guān)注。重金屬在土壤中易積累、難降解,并且能夠通過土壤-植物-動物-人這一系統(tǒng)進(jìn)入人體,危害人類健康。在土壤中高含量的重金屬難以快速、經(jīng)濟(jì)、有效去除這一現(xiàn)實條件下,為了保障人體健康,進(jìn)一步深入研究土壤-植物系統(tǒng)中重金屬的賦存形態(tài),篩選適合在污染區(qū)種植的低吸收品種,并使用經(jīng)濟(jì)有效的土壤改良劑減少重金屬的植物毒性,具有重要意義。本研究首先對云南個舊雞街農(nóng)田土壤和農(nóng)作物中5種重金屬(As、Pb、Cd、 Cu、Zn)的總量和形態(tài)進(jìn)行野外調(diào)查；其次,通過室內(nèi)盆栽實驗從重金屬高吸收蔬菜中篩選出低吸收品種,并進(jìn)一步研究同一種蔬菜不同重金屬吸收能力品種之間重金屬形態(tài)分布的差異；最后,研究了不同改良劑對降低土壤重金屬生物有效態(tài)、蔬菜重金屬吸收和品質(zhì)(可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、游離氨基酸和維生素C含量)的影響。論文主要研究結(jié)果如下：(1)研究區(qū)農(nóng)田土壤以Cd-Pb-As復(fù)合污染為主,其中土壤中Cd和Pb有效態(tài)高達(dá)39.12%和36.28%。對蔬菜可食部位的富集系數(shù)進(jìn)行聚類分析結(jié)果表明,青菜(Brassica chinensis Cruciferae)、薄荷(Mentha haplocalyx Labiatae)、香菜(Coriandrum sativum Umbelliferae)的葉片能夠大量積累5種重金屬,已不適合在污染區(qū)種植。同時,選擇了可食部位重金屬濃度最高的3種不同類型蔬菜進(jìn)行重金屬形態(tài)分析,結(jié)果表明As主要以乙醇提取態(tài)和殘渣態(tài)存在,Pb主要以氯化鈉和殘渣態(tài)存在,Cd主要以醋酸態(tài)和殘渣態(tài)存在,Cu和Zn的主要存在形態(tài)分別為氯化鈉和醋酸提取態(tài),說明5種重金屬中As的毒性效應(yīng)最高。此外,蔬菜中5種重金屬的綜合污染指數(shù)為Pb As Cd Zn Cu。雖然土壤中Cd的有效態(tài)高達(dá)39.12%,但在蔬菜中Cd卻以生物活性相對較低的醋酸提取態(tài)和殘渣態(tài)存在。居民經(jīng)食用蔬菜日攝入Cd是暫定每日耐受攝入量(PTDI)的1.86倍,遠(yuǎn)低于Pb(5.71倍)和As(5.12倍)�？偲饋砜�,與Cd相比,Pb和As對當(dāng)?shù)鼐用竦纳】禈?gòu)成了更大威脅。(2)篩選低吸收蔬菜品種的盆栽實驗結(jié)果表明,同種蔬菜不同品種間的株高和生物量存在顯著差異。對于As輕度污染土壤而言,實驗中的27個蔬菜品種可食部位砷含量均未超過As最大允許濃度(As-MPC);對鉛而言,只有部分品種可食部位Pb含量低于Pb-MPC,而所有品種可食部位Cd含量均超過Cd-MPC。這說明本盆栽實驗土壤中Pb和Cd污染嚴(yán)重,尤其是Cd。篩選結(jié)果表明：對于實驗所用的As-Pb-Cd復(fù)合污染土壤,綠秀848菠菜(S3)、粉桿青菜(P4)、春城3號萵筍(A11)和靚馬長茄(A1)與其他同類蔬菜相比,其吸收重金屬的能力更弱,屬于相對安全的品種。對同種蔬菜可食部位重金屬含量差異明顯的品種進(jìn)行形態(tài)分析的結(jié)果表明：對As而言,低吸收菠菜葉片(S6)中以低活性形態(tài)存在；萵苣品種無論砷吸收高低,均以低活性形態(tài)存在,在低吸收品種A15中尤為明顯。對Pb和Cd而言,高吸收菠菜品種(S3)葉片以低活性形態(tài)存在,低吸收菠菜品種(S6)葉片卻以高活性形態(tài)存在；低吸收茄子品種A4中Pb以低活性形態(tài)存在。因此,在重金屬低吸收品種篩選中應(yīng)注意避免體內(nèi)金屬形態(tài)以高生物活性存在的情況。(3)添加改良劑能夠改變復(fù)合污染土壤中重金屬生物有效態(tài)。本實驗中大多數(shù)正交處理能顯著降低土壤中重金屬生物有效態(tài),其中處理7、9和10能顯著降低土壤As有效態(tài),處理7、9、10、13和14能顯著降低土壤Pb有效態(tài),處理9、10、11和13能顯著降低土壤Cd有效態(tài)。此外,值得注意的是,處理9和10能顯著降低土壤中3種重金屬的有效態(tài),這表明中等濃度熟石灰(5g kg-1),低濃度有機(jī)肥(0-25 g kg-1)和中高濃度粉煤灰(10-15 g kg-1)能有效改良As-Pb-Cd復(fù)合污染土壤。與對照相比,處理9和10土壤有效態(tài)和青菜可食部位As含量均有顯著降低,處理10和13土壤有效態(tài)和青菜可食部位Cd含量均有顯著降低。此外,添加改良劑能夠促進(jìn)青菜的生長、株高和生物量,其中促進(jìn)作用最顯著的是16號處理。大多數(shù)改良處理能提高青菜品質(zhì),表現(xiàn)在可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、游離氨基酸和維生素C含量能保持或增加。最后,青菜體內(nèi)重金屬的形態(tài)分析結(jié)果表明：在葉片和莖中,砷主要以Fethanol+Fwater形態(tài)存在,Cd主要以FNaCl+ FHAc形態(tài)存在。
[Abstract]:In recent years, the soil heavy metal pollution problem has been concerned by people. The heavy metal accumulation in soil degradation, and can enter the system of human body through the soil plant animal, harm to human health. The high content of heavy metals in soil is fast, economic and effective removal of this realistic condition, in order to protect the health of the human body, further study on the speciation of heavy metals in the soil plant system, suitable for screening low absorption varieties planted in the contaminated area, and the use of soil amendments can effectively reduce the toxicity of heavy metals in plant economy, has important significance. In this study, the first of the 5 Yunnan old chicken Street of heavy metals in soils and crops (As Pb, Cd, Cu, Zn), the amount and form of field investigation; secondly, by pot experiment from the heavy metal absorption screened low absorption varieties of vegetables, and further study the same Vegetable distribution of heavy metals in the form difference between different varieties of heavy metals; finally, study the different modifier to reduce the bioavailability of heavy metals in soil, heavy metal uptake and quality of vegetables (soluble protein, soluble sugar, free amino acid and vitamin C content) effects. The main results are as follows: (1) the study area of farmland the Cd-Pb-As compound pollution soil, enrichment coefficient of which soil Cd and available Pb reached 39.12% and 36.28%. on vegetable edible part of cluster analysis showed that the vegetables (Brassica chinensis Cruciferae), mint (Mentha haplocalyx Labiatae), coriander (Coriandrum sativum Umbelliferae) leaves can accumulate 5 kinds of heavy metals, have been not suitable for planting in the contaminated area. At the same time, can choose 3 different types of edible parts of vegetables were the highest concentration of heavy metal speciation analysis of heavy metals The results show that the As, mainly in the ethanol extractable and residual state, Pb mainly exists in the state of sodium chloride and Cd residue, mainly acetic acid state and residual state, the main form of Cu and Zn respectively. The state of sodium chloride and acetic acid extraction, description of 5 kinds of heavy metals in As toxicity of most high. In addition, the comprehensive pollution index of 5 kinds of heavy metals in vegetables is Pb As Cd Zn Cu. although soil Cd as high as 39.12%, but in vegetables Cd but with acetic acid extractable and residual activity is relatively low. The residents eating vegetables daily intake of Cd is the provisional tolerable daily intake (PTDI) 1.86 times, far lower than that of Pb (5.71 times) and As (5.12 times). In general, compared with Cd, Pb and As of the local people's life and health poses a greater threat. (2) screening of low absorption pot experiment results showed that varieties of vegetables, vegetables with different varieties of plant height and biomass deposit Significant differences in As. For slightly polluted soil, 27 varieties of vegetables in the edible part of the arsenic content did not exceed the maximum allowable concentration of As (As-MPC); to lead, only some varieties of edible parts of the Pb content is lower than Pb-MPC, and all varieties of edible parts of Cd were more than Cd-MPC. which shows the pot the experiment of soil Pb and Cd pollution is serious, especially the Cd. screening results showed that for the As-Pb-Cd contaminated soil, green show 848 spinach (S3), (P4), vegetable powder rod spring 3, lettuce (A11) and Ma Long Eggplant (A1) compared with the same kind of vegetable, its ability to absorb the heavy metal is more weak, belongs to the relative safety of the varieties of the same vegetable varieties. The contents of heavy metals in the edible parts of obvious morphological analysis results show that: for As, low absorption of spinach leaves (S6) in the form of low activity in Lettuce Cultivars; whether arsenic absorption There are in the low level of activity in the form of low absorption is obvious. The varieties of A15 Pb and Cd, the high absorption of spinach cultivars (S3) leaves at low activity form, low absorption of spinach cultivars (S6) leaves are with high activity and low absorption of eggplant A4 form; Pb exists in low activity form. Therefore, in the low absorption of heavy metal should be taken to avoid metal speciation in the presence of high biological activity. The screening of varieties (3) add modifying agent can change the bioavailability of heavy metals in contaminated soils. In this experiment, orthogonal treatment can significantly reduce most heavy metal bioavailability in soil, the treatment of 7,9 and 10 can significantly reduce the soil available As, 7,9,10,13 and 14 can significantly reduce the soil available Pb, 9,10,11 and 13 can significantly reduce the soil available Cd. In addition, it is worth noting that 9 and 10 can significantly reduce the soil in 3 The effective state of heavy metals, which indicates that the moderate concentration of lime (5g kg-1), low concentration of organic fertilizer (0-25 g kg-1) and high concentration of fly ash (10-15 g kg-1) can effectively improve the As-Pb-Cd contaminated soil. Compared with the control, treatment 9 and 10 soil and vegetables edible part of the content of As decreased significantly, 10 and 13 of soil available vegetables and edible parts of Cd levels were significantly reduced. In addition, additives can promote the growth of vegetables, plant height and biomass, which promote the most significant is the No. 16 treatment. Most improved treatment can improve the quality of Chinese cabbage, in the soluble protein. Soluble sugar, free amino acid and vitamin C content can be maintained or increased. Finally, the result of the speciation analysis of heavy metals in vegetables showed that in leaf and stem, arsenic mainly exists in the form of Fethanol+Fwater, Cd mainly FNaCl+ FHAc form.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X53;X173

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 肖細(xì)元;楊淼;郭朝暉;苗旭峰;王鳳永;;改良劑對污染土壤上蔬菜生長及吸收重金屬的影響[J];環(huán)境科學(xué)與技術(shù);2012年08期

2 ;Arsenic hyperaccumulator Pteris Vittata L. and its arsenic accumulation[J];Chinese Science Bulletin;2002年11期

3 ;A newly-discovered Cd-hyperaccumulator Solanum nigrum L.[J];Chinese Science Bulletin;2005年01期

4 張珍;陸開形;孟秋峰;;蔬菜重金屬污染研究進(jìn)展與防治措施[J];寧波大學(xué)學(xué)報(理工版);2010年03期

5 秦文淑;鄒曉錦;仇榮亮;;廣州市蔬菜重金屬污染現(xiàn)狀及對人體健康風(fēng)險分析[J];農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境科學(xué)學(xué)報;2008年04期

6 肖青青;王宏鑌;趙賓;葉志鴻;;云南個舊市郊農(nóng)作物重金屬污染現(xiàn)狀及健康風(fēng)險[J];農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境科學(xué)學(xué)報;2011年02期

7 楊居榮，賀建群，蔣婉茹;Cd污染對植物生理生化的影響[J];農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境保護(hù);1995年05期

8 馬麗;王海娟;楊曉燕;胡擁軍;王宏鑌;;Fe~(3+)對3種水生植物吸收不同形態(tài)砷的影響[J];農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境科學(xué)學(xué)報;2013年06期

9 周芬;黃貴鳳;丁昌峰;王興祥;;適于砷輕度超標(biāo)土壤種植的根菜品種的篩選[J];農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境科學(xué)學(xué)報;2013年10期

10 鄭國強(qiáng);方向京;張洪江;王偉;;云南省個舊錫礦區(qū)重金屬污染評價及植被恢復(fù)初探[J];水土保持通報;2009年06期

，

本文編號：1395067