發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-01-07 20:14

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：乘用車內(nèi)空氣污染物特性研究　出處：《北京理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 車內(nèi)空氣 多環(huán)芳烴(PAHs) 醛酮 揮發(fā)性有機(jī)物（VOCs） 致癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)

【摘要】：隨著公眾環(huán)境意識及自我保護(hù)意識的不斷提高，車內(nèi)環(huán)境問題近年來備受關(guān)注。為了明確車內(nèi)空氣中污染物濃度隨溫度、測試方法等因素的影響以及對人體的健康危害，本文研究了新車和在用車內(nèi)氣相多環(huán)芳烴的濃度水平以及夏季日常氣溫變化下車內(nèi)八種污染物的濃度變化，并對暴露于此污染物濃度下的人體健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)進(jìn)行評估。分別采用國內(nèi)和國際的車內(nèi)空氣測試方法進(jìn)行對比試驗(yàn)來研究測試方法對結(jié)果的影響。 本文使用2,4-DNPH采樣管采集醛酮類物質(zhì)并用高效液相色譜儀（HPLC）進(jìn)行定量分析；分別使用Tenax TA管和裝有XAD-2樹脂和聚氨酯泡沫（PUF）的玻璃采樣筒采集揮發(fā)性有機(jī)物（VOCs）和氣相多環(huán)芳烴（PAHs）并用氣相色譜質(zhì)譜聯(lián)用儀進(jìn)行定量分析。結(jié)果表明：在用車的車內(nèi)PAHs比新車都降低80%，在用車PAHs中各組分比新車中的16種PAHs降低了67%以上，，新車中PAHs對于車輛使用者的致癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)明顯高于在用車，多環(huán)芳烴對于女性的致癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)略低于男性；醛酮物質(zhì)以及VOC總量隨著檢測溫度升高，濃度增大，但濃度并不與溫度成線性關(guān)系，平均溫度點(diǎn)24°C時(shí)測得的苯的平均濃度水平下，男女的致癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是可接受的，35°C的致癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是29°C時(shí)致癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的2倍左右，男女在一天三個(gè)溫度點(diǎn)下都存在甲醛致癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，午間溫度最高時(shí)致癌風(fēng)險(xiǎn)超出可接受水平60倍；HJ/T400和ISO12219兩種方法對于8種物質(zhì)的檢測都有效，但是檢出能力不同。車輛密閉時(shí)間越長，污染物濃度越高，越有利于檢出，但車內(nèi)污染物濃度的累積并不與密閉靜置時(shí)間成正比。兩種方法的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)模式所檢出的8種污染物的平均濃度值做線性相關(guān)性曲線相關(guān)系數(shù)R2高達(dá)0.994。
[Abstract]:With the continuous improvement of public environmental awareness and self-protection awareness, the problem of vehicle environment has been concerned in recent years. In order to determine the concentration of pollutants in the air with temperature. This paper studies the concentration level of gas phase polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in new car and in-use vehicle and the change of eight pollutants in daily air temperature change in summer. The human health risk exposed to this pollutant concentration was evaluated and the effects of the test methods on the results were studied by using domestic and international in-vehicle air test methods. In this paper, the aldehydes and ketones were collected by 2C4-DNPH sampling tube and quantitatively analyzed by high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC). Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and gaseous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were collected using Tenax TA tube and glass sampler containing XAD-2 resin and polyurethane foam respectively. The quantitative analysis was carried out by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The results showed that the PAHs of in-vehicle was 80% lower than that of new car. Compared with 16 kinds of PAHs in new car, the components of PAHs in in-use vehicle decreased by more than 67%, and the carcinogenic risk of PAHs in new car was significantly higher than that in in-use vehicle. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were slightly less carcinogenic in women than in men; The concentration of aldehydes and ketones and the total amount of VOC increased with the increase of detection temperature, but there was no linear relationship between the concentration and the temperature. The average concentration of benzene was measured at 24 擄C at the average temperature. The carcinogenic risk of men and women was about twice as high as that of the acceptable 35 擄C at 29 擄C. both men and women had formaldehyde carcinogenic risks at three temperature points a day. The risk of carcinogenesis at the highest midday temperature was 60 times higher than the acceptable level; HJ/T400 and ISO12219 are effective for the detection of eight substances, but the detection ability is different. The longer the vehicle sealing time, the higher the concentration of pollutants, the more conducive to detection. However, the accumulation of pollutant concentration in the vehicle is not directly proportional to the closed static time. The linear correlation curve correlation coefficient R2 of the average concentration of the eight pollutants detected by the standard model of the two methods is as high as 0.994.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X51;U463.8

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