本文關(guān)鍵詞：基于SWAT模型的梅江流域農(nóng)業(yè)非點(diǎn)源污染時(shí)空分布特征分析　出處：《江西師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

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【摘要】：隨著社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展速度加快和人類活動(dòng)強(qiáng)度的日益增大,水體污染問題己成為全球性關(guān)注的環(huán)境問題。由于點(diǎn)源污染相對分布范圍固定、形成過程單一的特點(diǎn),決定了其控制與治理相對容易,非點(diǎn)源污染己經(jīng)成為水環(huán)境污染的主要威脅。在導(dǎo)致地表水體污染的主要因素中,農(nóng)業(yè)非點(diǎn)源污染所占點(diǎn)源污染的比重又是最大的。由于農(nóng)業(yè)非點(diǎn)源污染具有影響因子復(fù)雜多樣,范圍分布廣,輸移過程隨機(jī)性大等特點(diǎn),增加了研究和控制農(nóng)業(yè)非點(diǎn)源污染的難度。為了定量的估算流域內(nèi)污染負(fù)荷、分析農(nóng)業(yè)非點(diǎn)源污染的遷移轉(zhuǎn)化機(jī)制,水文模型模擬法成為評估人類活動(dòng)對泥沙和營養(yǎng)物質(zhì)流域系統(tǒng)影響的主要方法。本文以江西省梅江流域?yàn)檠芯繀^(qū),在綜合考慮流域地形特征、土壤性質(zhì)、氣象條件、土地利用等自然特征的基礎(chǔ)上,利用模型SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tools)模型——分布式連續(xù)性環(huán)境水文機(jī)理性模型,模擬了中亞熱帶季風(fēng)濕潤區(qū)紅壤背景和農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)管理活動(dòng)方式下農(nóng)業(yè)非點(diǎn)源污染輸移機(jī)制。運(yùn)用實(shí)測的水質(zhì)水文數(shù)據(jù)對模型的參數(shù)進(jìn)行了率定和驗(yàn)證,在保證模型適用性的基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)行氮、磷營養(yǎng)鹽負(fù)荷計(jì)算,分析梅江流域非點(diǎn)源污染負(fù)荷時(shí)空分布特征。本文主要得出以下結(jié)論:(1)在時(shí)間序列上分析農(nóng)業(yè)非點(diǎn)源污染物輸移規(guī)律,年負(fù)荷變化:在2005-2011年7 a中,硝態(tài)氮的排放方式以下滲為主,貢獻(xiàn)率達(dá)63%,與流域高植被覆蓋率有關(guān),氮、磷營養(yǎng)鹽負(fù)荷與降雨量有明顯的相關(guān)性;月負(fù)荷變化:根據(jù)2010-2011年24個(gè)月的模擬結(jié)果可知,有機(jī)氮、有機(jī)磷變化趨勢基本一致,且受降雨、徑流量的影響,變化波動(dòng)較大。(2)在農(nóng)業(yè)非點(diǎn)源污染空間分布特征分析中,以子流域?yàn)閱挝环治?011年有機(jī)氮、有機(jī)磷空間分布特征,氮、磷的淋失量與流域內(nèi)產(chǎn)水、產(chǎn)沙量有關(guān)。在梅江流域中下游水系發(fā)達(dá)的黃陂河流域和會(huì)同河流域產(chǎn)水、產(chǎn)沙量較高,導(dǎo)致該區(qū)域污染物排放量較高。(3)不同土地利用方式下氮、磷營養(yǎng)鹽的排放差距很大,耕地污染物排放量最大,有機(jī)氮、磷貢獻(xiàn)率分別是整個(gè)流域的64.8%和65.8%。模擬結(jié)果分析顯示,在實(shí)際耕作管理制度與施肥措施下,梅江流域非點(diǎn)源污染表現(xiàn)出明顯的時(shí)空分布規(guī)律。水文響應(yīng)單元(HRU)下非點(diǎn)源污染物負(fù)荷中,由農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)導(dǎo)致的氮、磷貢獻(xiàn)率很高。
[Abstract]:With the social and economic development speed and intensity of human activities is increasing, the water pollution problem has become a global environmental problem of concern. Because of the point source pollution is relatively fixed distribution range, forming characteristics of single process, determines its control and management is relatively easy, non-point source pollution has become a major threat to the water environment pollution. The main factors leading to pollution of surface water, the agricultural non-point source pollution point source pollution is the largest proportion. Due to agricultural non-point source pollution is the impact factor is diverse, range wide distribution and transport characteristics of random process, increase the research and the difficulty of controlling agricultural non-point source pollution. In order to estimate the pollution load in watershed quantitative analysis, migration and transformation mechanism of agricultural non-point source pollution, hydrological model simulation method to evaluate human activities on sediment and nutrients basin. The main method of rang. Taking Jiangxi River Basin in Meijiang Province as the study area, considering the basin topography, soil properties, meteorological conditions, land use and other natural features based on the model of SWAT (Soil and Water Assessment Tools) model -- distributed continuous environmental hydrology machine rational model and Simulation of non-point source pollution the transport mechanism of agriculture in subtropical monsoon region of red soil background and agricultural production management activities. Using the measured data of the hydrological parameters of water quality model was calibrated and verified, nitrogen based on ensuring the applicability of the model, and phosphorus load calculation, analysis of non-point source pollution load distribution characteristics of Meijiang basin. This paper draws the following conclusions: (1) analysis of agricultural non-point source pollutant transport rules in time series, annual load change: in 2005-2011 7 A, the nitrate nitrogen emissions. The following type of infiltration, the contribution rate of 63%, and in the high vegetation coverage rate, nitrogen, phosphorus load and rainfall have significant correlation; monthly load change: according to the simulation results of 2010-2011 years and 24 months showed that organic nitrogen, organic phosphorus and consistent trend, affected by rainfall, runoff effect the change of volatile. (2) in the analysis of agricultural non-point source pollution spatial distribution characteristics, sub basin as a unit 2011 analysis of organic nitrogen, organic phosphorus spatial distribution, nitrogen, and phosphorus leaching basin produced in water, sediment. The Huangpi River Basin in Mei River Basin in the middle and lower reaches of river developed in conjunction with the river basin and water yield, sediment yield is higher, resulting in the regional pollutant emissions is high. (3) under different land use patterns of nitrogen, phosphorus discharge gap, farmland maximum pollutant emissions, organic nitrogen, phosphorus contribution rates were 64.8 in the whole basin The analysis of% and 65.8%. simulation results showed that under the actual farming management system and fertilization measures, the non-point source pollution in the Meijiang River Basin showed obvious spatio-temporal distribution rule. Under the hydrological response unit (HRU), the contribution rate of nitrogen and phosphorus caused by agricultural production was very high under the non-point source pollution load.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：江西師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X52;X71

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