本文關(guān)鍵詞：基于WASP模型的松花江哈爾濱段水環(huán)境容量模擬及總量控制研究　出處：《哈爾濱師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： WASP 水環(huán)境容量 點(diǎn)源污染 非點(diǎn)源污染 總量控制

【摘要】：松花江哈爾濱段是松花江中游最重要的水域,流域水質(zhì)的優(yōu)劣直接影響到松花江中下游的水環(huán)境狀況。由于松花江哈爾濱段流經(jīng)哈爾濱市區(qū),大量工業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)、居民生活廢水進(jìn)入水體,水體中污染物超出水體環(huán)境容量,造成水質(zhì)下降。因此,研究松花江哈爾濱段水環(huán)境容量,建立松花江哈爾濱段水環(huán)境總量控制體系是治理松花江水環(huán)境污染的根本性措施。本文依據(jù)松花江哈爾濱段的水文、氣候、地形、植被等環(huán)境要素特點(diǎn),結(jié)合流域國控監(jiān)測(cè)斷面水質(zhì)數(shù)據(jù)、野外采樣點(diǎn)水質(zhì)數(shù)據(jù),選用WASP7.3版本水質(zhì)分析模型,建立松花江哈爾濱段水質(zhì)模型。分析研究區(qū)污染物的產(chǎn)生特點(diǎn)和排放特點(diǎn),將研究區(qū)污染類型分為點(diǎn)污染源和非點(diǎn)污染源,利用調(diào)查分析污染源產(chǎn)生的方法計(jì)算流域內(nèi)非點(diǎn)源污染負(fù)荷,利用2013年哈爾濱市環(huán)境統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)據(jù)計(jì)算流域內(nèi)點(diǎn)源污染負(fù)荷。將污染負(fù)荷輸入到WASP水質(zhì)模型中,研究2013年污染物COD、NH3-N在松花江哈爾濱段時(shí)空變化規(guī)律,計(jì)算研究區(qū)各河段污染物COD、NH3-N的水環(huán)境容量,并計(jì)算各河段的COD、NH3-N實(shí)際削減量,從而實(shí)現(xiàn)流域水體中污染物的總量控制。研究結(jié)果表明,松花江哈爾濱段污水排放量COD 211009.26t/a、NH3-N30644.54t/a。從污染總量上看,研究區(qū)污染物COD、NH3-N的非點(diǎn)源污染負(fù)荷排放量占總排放量的81.11%、87.97%。從污染源排放量上看,畜禽養(yǎng)殖、農(nóng)田、城市生活污水三類污染物的排放比例最大,污染物COD、NH3-N的排放量分別占總排放量的89.42%和91.65%。松花江哈爾濱段2013年污染物COD的水環(huán)境容量為442559.2t/a、NH3-N為39458.5t/a。從水環(huán)境容量空間分布上看,朱順屯-阿什河口下(河段1)、阿什河口下-呼蘭河口下(河段2)、呼蘭河口下-大頂子山(河段3)3個(gè)河段的COD、NH3-N水環(huán)境容量較大,阿城鎮(zhèn)前-阿什河口內(nèi)(河段4)、呼蘭河入呼蘭境-呼蘭河口內(nèi)(河段5)的水環(huán)境容量較小。從水環(huán)境容量時(shí)間分布上看,研究區(qū)水環(huán)境容量遵循了豐水期平水期枯水期的一般規(guī)律。在不同的水文期中,水環(huán)境容量的大小差異明顯。朱順屯-阿什河口下(河段1)河段在平水期、枯水期的COD排污量超過水環(huán)境容量,應(yīng)削減6090.64t、2597.92t;阿城鎮(zhèn)前-阿什河口內(nèi)(河段4)全年排污量均超過水環(huán)境容量,應(yīng)全年削減COD33400.03t、NH3-N 11260.27t;呼蘭河入呼蘭境-呼蘭河口內(nèi)(河段5)全年排污量均超過水環(huán)境容量,應(yīng)全年削減COD 82926.73t、NH3-N 11395.68t。在進(jìn)行松花江哈爾濱段水環(huán)境總量控制過程中,以水環(huán)境容量作為下一年的容量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值,由此制定污染物COD、NH3-N的削減計(jì)劃,可以準(zhǔn)確掌握水環(huán)境變化趨勢(shì),并有效的管理、控制、防治流域水環(huán)境污染。
[Abstract]:Harbin section of Songhua River is the most important water area in the middle reaches of Songhua River. The water quality of the basin directly affects the water environment of the middle and lower reaches of Songhua River. The pollutants in the water body exceed the environmental capacity of the water body, resulting in the decline of the water quality. Therefore, the water environmental capacity of Harbin section of Songhua River is studied. The establishment of total water environment control system in Harbin section of Songhua River is a fundamental measure to control the water environment pollution of Songhua River. This paper is based on the characteristics of hydrology, climate, topography, vegetation and other environmental factors in Harbin section of Songhua River. Combined with the water quality data of the state-controlled monitoring section and the field sampling points, the WASP7.3 version of the water quality analysis model was selected. The water quality model of Harbin section of Songhua River was established. The characteristics of pollutant generation and discharge were analyzed, and the pollution types in the study area were divided into point pollution source and non-point pollution source. The non-point source pollution load in the basin is calculated by the method of investigation and analysis of pollution sources. The point source pollution load in the watershed was calculated by using the environmental statistics data of Harbin on 2013. The pollution load was input into the WASP water quality model and the pollutant COD in 2013 was studied. The temporal and spatial variation of NH3-N in Harbin reach of Songhua River was studied. The water environmental capacity of COD _ (NH _ 3-N) was calculated and the actual reduction of COD _ (+) NH _ (3-N) was calculated. The results show that the discharge of wastewater from Songhua River Harbin reaches 21 1009.26 t / a. NH _ 3-N 30644.54 t / a. In terms of the total amount of pollution, the non-point source pollution load discharge of COD _ (3) -N in the study area accounts for 81.11% of the total emissions. 87.97. from the source of pollution emissions, livestock and poultry farming, farmland, urban domestic sewage discharge ratio of three types of pollutants is the largest, pollutants COD. In 2013, the water environmental capacity of COD in Harbin section of Songhua River was 442559.2 t / a. The NH3-N is 39458.5 t / a. From the spatial distribution of water environmental capacity, it is found that the Zhushuntun Ashe estuary (1 ~ 1), the Ashi Estuary and the Hulan River Estuary (reach 2). The water environment capacity of COD _ (NH _ 3-N) in 3 reaches of Hulan River Estuary to Dadingzi Mountain (reach 3) is larger than that of Acheng Qian-Ashi Estuary (reach 4). The water environment capacity of the Hulan River entering the Hulan Estuary (reach 5) is relatively small. From the point of view of the time distribution of the water environmental capacity. The water environmental capacity of the study area follows the general law of the dry season in the high water season. In different hydrological periods, the size of the water environmental capacity varies obviously. The lower reaches of the Zhushuntun-Ashi Estuary (reach 1) are in the flat water period. The amount of COD sewage in dry season exceeds the capacity of water environment and should be reduced by 6090.64t / 2597.92t; The amount of sewage discharged in the year from Qianqian to Ashe Estuary (reach 4) exceeds the capacity of water environment, so the NH3-N of COD 33400.03tn11260.27t should be reduced in the whole year. The discharge amount of Hulan River into Hulan River Estuary (reach 5) exceeded the capacity of water environment in the whole year and COD should be reduced by 82926.73t in the whole year. NH3-N 11395.68 t. in the process of total water environment control in Harbin section of Songhua River, the capacity of water environment is taken as the standard value of capacity in the next year, and the pollutant COD is established. The reduction plan of NH3-N can accurately grasp the trend of water environment change, and effectively manage, control and prevent the water environment pollution.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X26;X522

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