本文關(guān)鍵詞：三峽庫區(qū)小流域農(nóng)村生活污水產(chǎn)排特征及消落帶人工濕地凈化效能研究　出處：《西南大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 三峽庫區(qū) 消落帶 人工濕地 農(nóng)村生活污水 凈化潛能

【摘要】：隨著三峽庫區(qū)農(nóng)村居民生活水平和生活方式的不斷變化,農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染對三峽流域水質(zhì)污染貢獻(xiàn)逐漸增加,農(nóng)業(yè)面源污染重要來源之一的農(nóng)村生活污水對三峽庫區(qū)水質(zhì)的影響的重要性日益凸顯。同時隨著三峽水庫蓄水位在145m至175m之間變化,庫區(qū)干支流兩岸將形成大面積的消落帶,可能帶來一系列的生態(tài)環(huán)境問題,因此探求一種有效利用消落帶閑置土地去除農(nóng)村生活污水中污染物的方法,可以減少污染向庫區(qū)水體的排放,對合理利用消落帶并保護(hù)庫區(qū)水生態(tài)環(huán)境具有重要意義。論文首先對三峽庫區(qū)龍王溝流域居民農(nóng)村生活污水產(chǎn)排特征進(jìn)行調(diào)查研究,并在龍王溝流域消落帶構(gòu)建人工濕地,考察了不同處理時間(7d、14d、21d)時,不同植物(荷花、慈姑、美人蕉、黃花鶯尾、大聚藻、千屈菜、香蒲、再力花、菖蒲、茭白、蘆葦、蘆竹、水稻、蕹菜、荸薺)和植物組合(再力花+黃花鳶尾、千屈菜+黃花鳶尾、菖蒲+美人蕉、蘆葦+蘆竹、慈姑+大聚藻)的消落帶人工濕地對農(nóng)村生活污水的去除效果,篩選出荷花、蕹菜和水稻3種適宜消落帶人工濕地的植物,然后進(jìn)行消落帶人工濕地凈化生活污水效能研究試驗(yàn),確定了最佳工況(HRT和進(jìn)水濃度),最后探討其對農(nóng)村生活污水的凈化潛能。結(jié)果表明:(1)三峽庫區(qū)龍王溝流域常住人口數(shù)為344,每戶平均產(chǎn)污水量133.5L,人均每日產(chǎn)生污水量38.0L,其中,廚房污水占54.5%,洗衣污水占30.0%,廁所污水占15.5%,不同來源生活污水水質(zhì)特征差異較大。生活污水水質(zhì)的平均水平為:pH 為 7.2,COD 為 457mg·L~(-1)，，TP 為 4.7,TN 為 58.3mg·L~(-1)，NH_3-N 為 16.2mg·L~(-1)。生活污水中COD、TP、TN及NH_3-N人均日排放量為16.893g·cap~(-1)·d~(-1)、0.185 g·cap~(-1)·d~(-1) 2.184g·cap~(-1)·d~(-1)、0.641g·cap~(-1)·d~(-1).整個小流域內(nèi)生活污水產(chǎn)生的污染物COD 為 5.811kg/d、TP 為 63.64g/d、TN 為 751.30g/d、NH_3-N 為 220.50g/d。(2)消落帶人工濕地植物篩選試驗(yàn)表明:不同植物或植物組合的人工濕地對農(nóng)村生活污水中COD、TN、NH_3-N、TP的去除率隨處理時間的增加,呈上升趨勢;總體上看,不同植物組合對污水的凈化效率高于單一植物濕地床的污水凈化效率。在處理時間為21d,進(jìn)水濃度COD、NH_3-N、TN、TP均值分別為1739.00mg·L~(-1)、1113.60mg·L~(-1)、1147.60 mg·L~(-1)、37.00 mg·L~(-1)時,不同植物和植物組合對污水中COD、NH_3-N、TN、TP 的平均去除率分別為 85.53%、99.94%、99.19%、98.83%,除COD以外,其余指標(biāo)均達(dá)其余污染物濃度均滿足城鎮(zhèn)污水處理廠污染物排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(GB18918-2002)一級A標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求。篩選出更適宜庫區(qū)消落帶人工濕地的3種植物分別是荷花、蕹菜和水稻。(3)生活污水凈化試驗(yàn)表明:①荷花、蕹菜和水稻濕地系統(tǒng)的HRT以5d為宜。在HRT為5d時荷花和蕹菜濕地系統(tǒng)分別對TN、NH_3-N和COD、TP的去除率最高,分別為88.21%、79.02%和 88.16%、81.23%。②荷花、蕹菜和水稻濕地濕地系統(tǒng)的進(jìn)水COD濃度以340～460mg/L為宜。整體來看,3種植物濕地系統(tǒng)對COD、TP、TN和NH_3-N的平均去除效果高低為較高濃度(C)高濃度(D)中濃度(B)低濃度(A)。③蕹菜人工濕地系統(tǒng)在最優(yōu)參數(shù)條件下,對COD、TP、TN和NH_3-N的平均去除率分別為84.37%、77.06%、83.18%、75.96%。此時,TN和NH_3-N的出水可達(dá)城鎮(zhèn)污水處理廠污染物排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(GB18918-2002)一級A標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求,出水TP濃度可達(dá)城鎮(zhèn)污水處理廠污染物排放標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(GB18918-2002)二級標(biāo)準(zhǔn)要求,對流域內(nèi)日產(chǎn)生污染物COD、TP、TN、NH_3-N的平均每日去除量為1.19%、1.02%、1.16%和1.00%。在不考慮其他影響因素下,則需要構(gòu)建面積為900m2的消落帶蕹菜人工濕地才可將流域內(nèi)每日產(chǎn)生的污染物全部消減掉。
[Abstract]:With the continuous changes in the Three Gorges Reservoir area of rural residents living standard and life style, the agricultural non-point source pollution of water pollution in the Three Gorges basin with increasing importance of rural sewage, agricultural non-point source pollution is one of the important sources of the water quality of Three Gorges reservoir has become increasingly prominent. At the same time as the Three Gorges reservoir change between 145m and 175m, in the dry the two sides will form a large area of the River riparian zone, may bring a series of ecological problems, therefore, to explore a kind of effective use of the drawdown method with idle land to remove pollutants in rural domestic sewage, can reduce pollution to the reservoir water discharge, on the rational use of riparian zone and reservoir protection plays an important role in water ecological the environment. Firstly the residents in the Three Gorges Reservoir Watershed Longwang rural sewage production and discharge characteristics were investigated, and in the valley of riparian zone. The construction of artificial wetland, different treatment time were investigated (7d, 14d, 21d), different plants (lotus, arrowhead, Canna, yellow tailed warbler, Myriophyllum aquaticum, Lythrum, cattail, Thalia, calamus, bamboo, reed, reed, rice, water spinach, water chestnut) and plants (re combination of force flower + yellow iris, yellow iris iris + + Lythrum, Canna, reed reed +, +) with arrowhead poly algae removal effect of artificial wetland for rural sewage drawdown, screened lotus, water spinach and rice 3 suitable riparian zone artificial wetland plant, and then in the WLFZ manual study on removal efficiency of wetland sewage test, the optimum conditions (HRT and concentration), and finally explores the potential for the purification of rural domestic sewage. The results showed that: (1) long Wang Gou watershed in Three Gorges Reservoir area resident population is 344, the average household production and consumption of 133.5L, per capita daily quantity of sewage generated 38.0L, the kitchen sewage 姘村崰54.5%,媧楄。姹℃按鍗

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