本文關(guān)鍵詞：西安市路面沉積物污染機制研究　出處：《長安大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 西安市 路面沉積物 污染負荷 風險評價 累積規(guī)律

【摘要】：為研究西安市路面沉積物污染特性及其可能產(chǎn)生的生態(tài)風險,為西安市路面沉積物污染治理提供科學依據(jù),在西安市典型工業(yè)區(qū)、商業(yè)區(qū)、居民文教區(qū)及旅游區(qū)各選擇三條車流量分別為10000pcu/d、10000-30000 pcu/d和30000pcu/d的12條城市道路設(shè)置路面沉積物取樣樣地,從2013年10月開始,在秋、冬、春、夏四季的代表月份(10、1、5、8)在各采樣地選取固定采樣點,連續(xù)采樣6日,用以研究西安市路面沉積物污染負荷的時空分異特征。在2014年8月底9月初,在3場降雨之間,在旅游區(qū)三個采樣地,采集9天共27個樣品,用以研究路面沉積物累積規(guī)律以及車流量和徑流沖刷對路面沉積物累積效果的影響。測定各樣品的COD、淋溶COD、NH4+-N、NO3--N、NO2--N、Pb、Zn、Cu、Ni、Cr、Cd、V、Ba等污染指標的含量,研究西安市路面沉積物污染負荷,探討車流量及徑流沖刷對路面沉積物污染累積的影響,并應用潛在生態(tài)危害指數(shù)法評價其生態(tài)風險,利用美國EPA頒布的健康風險評價方法評價其對西安市居民的健康風險。研究結(jié)果表明:(1)西安市路面沉積物中COD、NH4+-N、NO2--N的質(zhì)量濃度在不同車流量下有顯著差異,表現(xiàn)為:大車流量中等車流量小車流量,而各車流量道路的路面沉積物中淋溶COD與NO3--N的質(zhì)量濃度無顯著差異。NH4+-N、NO3--N和NO2--N濃度均表現(xiàn)為冬季春季夏季秋季。(2)沉積物中Ba、V、Cr、Cu、Ni、Zn的質(zhì)量濃度在不同功能區(qū)有顯著差異,Cd、Pb的質(zhì)量濃度無顯著差異。Ba、Pb、Zn和Cd均為工業(yè)區(qū)商業(yè)區(qū)居民文教區(qū)旅游區(qū),Cu和Cr均在居民文教區(qū)表現(xiàn)較高,V和Ni與其他重金屬相比,較為接近或略高于陜西省土壤背景值。路面沉積物中重金屬元素表現(xiàn)出了夏秋季節(jié)較低而冬春季節(jié)較高的分布特征。(3)西安市路面沉積物對人群健康的影響不容忽視。各重金屬多暴露途徑對兒童產(chǎn)生的非致癌總風險值HI為1.19,大于臨界值,表明存在明顯的非致癌健康風險。對成人的影響小于兒童,成人非致癌總風險值為0.196。3種暴露途徑中,非致癌風險值均為手-口接觸攝入皮膚吸收呼吸吸入,非致癌風險排序PbBaVCdNiCrCuZn,表現(xiàn)出較大的危害,Pb、Ba、V對兒童的非致癌健康風險分別為0.231、0.481和0.148,其可能對兒童健康造成不良影響;Pb、Ba、V比其他重金屬的非致癌風險高出1-2個數(shù)量級,是西安市路面沉積物導致人體非致癌健康風險的最主要污染物。Cr、Cd、Ni三種重金屬總致癌風險為4.25×10-7,單種重金屬的致癌風險及三種重金屬總致癌風險均低于10-6-10-4,低于致癌風險量級水平。(4)西安市路面沉積物重金屬生態(tài)危害處于中等水平,Cu、Pb、Cd、Ba、Zn、Cr、Ni和V的生態(tài)危害指數(shù)RI已達到了1359,多種重金屬的潛在危害指數(shù)達到生態(tài)危害IV級水平,應引起足夠重視;不同重金屬單項生態(tài)風險系數(shù)和污染指數(shù)的排序分別為:CdPbCuCrNi=BaZnV,CdPbZnCuBaCrNiV。(5)車流量10000pcu/d(旅小)時,路面沉積物累積量范圍在4.36~16.88g;車流量在10000-30000 pcu/d之間(旅中)時,沉積物累積量范圍在4.86~20.58g;車流量30000pcu/d(旅大)時,沉積物累積量范圍在7.84~32.31g;大體上來看,隨著車流量的增加,路面沉積物的累積量呈現(xiàn)出上升趨勢,即旅小旅中旅大。路面沉積物在降雨的徑流沖刷下累積量有明顯的損失,旅小、旅中和旅大三個采樣地的路面沉積物量的去除率非別為60%、53%和48%。
[Abstract]:For the ecological risk of Xi'an City Road sediment pollution characteristics and possible, provide scientific basis for the Xi'an City Road sediment pollution in typical area of commercial, industrial zone, Xi'an City, residential and educational area and tourism area the three cars were 10000pcu/d, pcu/d and 10000-30000 12 city roads 30000pcu/d road sediments take everything, from the beginning of October 2013, in autumn, winter, spring and summer seasons, representing the month (10,1,5,8) in each sampling to select fixed sampling points, continuous sampling 6, is used to study the temporal and spatial characteristic of Xi'an city road surface sediment pollution load. At the end of August 2014 and early September, between the 3 rainfall and in the tourist area of three sampling, a total of 27 samples were collected for 9 days, in order to study the effects of sediment accumulation and road traffic flow and runoff cumulative effect on the road surface sediments. Each sample was determined COD, NH4+-N, NO3--N, COD leaching, NO2--N, Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, Cr, Cd, V, Ba content of the pollution index, Xi'an City Road sediment pollution load, to explore the traffic flow and runoff scouring effect on road sediment pollution accumulation, and the application of the method of potential ecological risk index evaluation ecological risk, health risk assessment method using the United States EPA issued a healthy risk assessment of Xi'an city residents. The results show that: (1) Xi'an City Road sediments COD, NH4+-N, NO2--N concentrations were significantly different in different traffic flow shows: the traffic flow medium traffic flow and the quality of the car. The concentration of COD and NO3--N leaching road sediment the traffic flow in no significant difference in.NH4+-N, NO3--N and NO2--N concentration were in winter spring and summer autumn. (2) in the sediments of Ba, V, Cr, Cu, Ni, Zn concentration in different functional areas have significant difference ISO, Cd, Pb concentration had no significant difference in.Ba, Pb, Zn and Cd are industrial residential commercial district cultural district tourism area, Cu and Cr are in the cultural district residents showed higher V and Ni compared with other heavy metals, is close to or slightly higher than the background values of soils in Shaanxi province. Heavy metals in road sediments show the distribution features of summer and autumn winter season is lower and higher. (3) Xi'an City Road sediment influence on people's health can not be ignored. The heavy metal exposure total non carcinogenic risk value of HI is 1.19 of children, is greater than the critical value, that in the non carcinogenic health risk effects obviously. The adult children less than adults, non carcinogenic risk value for 0.196.3 exposure, non carcinogenic risk value is hand mouth intake contact skin absorption inhalation, non carcinogenic risk ranking PbBaVCdNiCrCuZn, showed a greater harm, Pb, Ba, V The children of non carcinogenic health risk were 0.231,0.481 and 0.148, which may have adverse effects on the health of children; Pb, Ba, V risk is 1-2 orders of magnitude higher than other heavy metals non carcinogenic, Xi'an city is the most non road sediment causes the body's major pollutants.Cr, carcinogenic risk of Cd, Ni three kinds of heavy metals the total cancer risk is 4.25 * 10-7, single heavy metals and three kinds of heavy metals in the carcinogenic risk of total cancer risk was lower than 10-6-10-4, less than the magnitude of the carcinogenic risk level. (4) Xi'an city road ecological risk of heavy metals in the sediments in the middle level, Cu, Pb, Cd, Ba, Zn, Cr, Ni and V ecological risk index RI has reached 1359, the potential hazard index of heavy metals to achieve ecological hazard level IV, should pay more attention; different single heavy metal pollution index and ecological risk ranking were: CdPbCuCrNi= BaZnV, CdPbZnCuBaCrNiV. (5) traffic The amount of 10000pcu/d (travel small), road sediment accumulation in the range of 4.36~16.88g; traffic in 10000-30000 pcu/d (travel), the sediment accumulation in the range of 4.86~20.58g; 30000pcu/d (LD) traffic flow, sediment accumulation in the range of 7.84~32.31g; a large body, with the increase in traffic flow, accumulation the surface sediments showed a rising trend, namely small brigade. Brigade brigade road sediments in runoff under rainfall accumulation has obvious loss, small and large brigade brigade brigade, a sample road sediment removal rate 53% and 48%. = 60%.

【學位授予單位】：長安大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X734

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