本文關鍵詞：京津冀大氣混合層高度變化特征及其與細顆粒污染物的關系研究　出處：《南京信息工程大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 京津冀污染源 云高儀 氣象參數(shù) 細顆粒物濃度 大氣污染負荷

【摘要】：大氣混合層高度(Mixing Layer Height,簡寫為MLH)是影響大氣擴散的主要因子之一,其對大氣質(zhì)量評估和污染物的存儲量及分布起著重要作用。本實驗利用云高儀對2013年10月16日至2014年10月15日京津冀區(qū)域4個站點(北京、天津、石家莊和秦皇島)MLH進行了同步連續(xù)觀測,分析了其各自及其區(qū)域總體變化特性。結果表明：北京MLH年均值最高,為688±250m；天津次之,為597±219m;秦皇島和石家莊較低,分別為444±180m和547±257m。但季節(jié)變化有所不同,MLH按從大到小順序排列,在春季依次是北京站、天津站、石家莊站、秦皇島站,值分別為816、637、606、448；夏季依次北京、石家莊、天津、秦皇島,值分別為832、748、681、381；秋季依次北京、天津、石家莊、秦皇島,值分別為556、555、510、472；冬季依次是北京、天津、秦皇島、石家莊,值分別為555、519、492、378.石家莊MLH的位置變化,局地溫度變化是主因,近地層高濃度污染對混合層高度也可能存在負反饋。北京、天津和石家莊在由春轉夏時,MLH各自都有不同程度的升高；由夏季轉秋季時, MLH又有不同幅度的降低；冬季均為一年中的最低值。秦皇島夏季MLH出現(xiàn)明顯低值,381±133m,其它季節(jié)的MLH維持在465+205m。所有城市MLH統(tǒng)計日變化均呈現(xiàn)白天高、夜晚低的單峰型日變化形式,晝夜變化幅度顯著；而秦皇島夏季全天MLH統(tǒng)計日變化均低于其它3個城市,晝夜變幅最小。區(qū)域內(nèi)4城市混合層高度和結構的變化均有典型的局地特征。結合氣象數(shù)據(jù)分析發(fā)現(xiàn),北京、天津和石家莊白天大氣混合層高度受到熱浮升力的作用明顯,到了晚上,秦皇島和天津受海風作用增強,而石家莊和北京風速小、湍流作用不明顯。氣溫的變化對天津、北京和石家莊地區(qū)MLH的季節(jié)變化有著重要的作用,而盛行風的變化對秦皇島地區(qū)的MLH的季節(jié)變化有重要作用。結合PM2.5數(shù)據(jù)發(fā)現(xiàn),所有站點大氣細顆粒物濃度均隨混合層高度的下降而升高,但站點間存在顯著性差異；石家莊和天津這種相反的變化趨勢更明顯,而北京和秦皇島則不明顯。本文將質(zhì)量濃度乘以MLH代表4個城市大氣細顆粒物的污染負荷(PM2.5×MLH)結果表明：石家莊、北京和天津3個站點在春夏兩季時,機動排放源對各自的地區(qū)貢獻較大,但是到了秋冬季節(jié)時,北京白天受機動車(汽車)排放源的影響相對減弱而夜間受柴油車的影響依然顯著。石家莊因為不利的擴散條件使得近地面細顆粒物濃度積累,尤其高架源對其PM2.5貢獻顯著；雖然天津PM2.5污染早、晚交通高峰出現(xiàn)高值,但大氣污染負荷中午前后到達最大,說明天津大氣污染受機動車和燃煤雙重影響；由于受海-陸風震蕩清洗的作用,秦皇島全年大氣污染負荷較低,無法有效識別局地污染排放對PM2.5的貢獻。北京、天津、石家莊和秦皇島大氣MLH均呈現(xiàn)白天高、夜晚低的共性,但其季節(jié)變化又有其各自特點,影響MLH變化的氣象要素也不盡相同；各城市影響大氣污染負荷程度的要素有顯著差別。石家莊冬季受高架點源影響顯著,北京夜間受柴油車影響突出,天津則顯示受機動車和燃煤雙重影響,秦皇島則難以使用本研究方法判別。研究結果對于認知京津冀區(qū)域污染分布現(xiàn)狀具有重要意義,并可為區(qū)域內(nèi)污染源合理調(diào)控提供科學參考。
[Abstract]:Atmospheric mixing height (Mixing Layer Height, abbreviated as MLH) is one of the main factors affecting atmospheric diffusion, the atmospheric quality assessment and pollutant storage and distribution plays an important role. This experiment using ceilometer for the October 16, 2013 to October 15, 2014 the Beijing Tianjin Hebei region 4 sites (Beijing, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang and Qinhuangdao) MLH the synchronization of continuous observation, analysis of their respective characteristics and overall regional changes. The results showed that: MLH in Beijing the highest mean was 688 + 250m; Tianjin, 597 + 219M; Qinhuangdao and Shijiazhuang is relatively low, were 444 + 180m and 547 + 257m., but the seasonal variation is different, according to the arrangement from the MLH to order in the spring, followed by the Beijing Railway Station, TianJin Railway Station, Shijiazhuang Railway Station, QinHuangDao Railway Station, respectively 816637606448; followed by Shijiazhuang, Beijing summer, Tianjin, Qinhuangdao, respectively 832748681381; The fall of Tianjin, Shijiazhuang, followed by Beijing, Qinhuangdao, respectively 556555510472; winter followed by Beijing, Tianjin, Qinhuangdao, Shijiazhuang, respectively to change the position of 555519492378. of Shijiazhuang's MLH, the local temperature change is the main reason that the surface layer of the mixed layer height the concentration of pollution may also exist negative feedback. Beijing, Tianjin and Shijiazhuang in the spring to summer, MLH each have increased to different extent; by the summer to autumn, and MLH were lower in winter; were the lowest value in a year. Qinhuangdao summer MLH appeared low value, 381 + 133m, the rest of the season MLH maintained at 465+205m. MLH all City Statistics showed diurnal variation during the day, the single peak diurnal variation form of night low, diurnal variation significantly; and the Qinhuangdao summer all day long MLH statistical diurnal variation were lower than those of the other 3 city, day and night minimum amplitude region 4 city. Local features have the typical structure of the mixed layer height and change. Based on the meteorological data analysis found that Beijing, Tianjin and Shijiazhuang during the daytime atmospheric mixed layer height by thermal buoyancy effect, at night, Qinhuangdao and Tianjin by the sea breeze effect is enhanced, while Shijiazhuang and Beijing wind speed, turbulence effect is not obvious. The change of temperature in Tianjin, plays an important role in the seasonal variation of MLH in Shijiazhuang and Beijing, have an important role in seasonal changes and the prevailing winds in the Qinhuangdao area of MLH. Combining with PM2.5 data found that all sites of airborne fine particulate matter concentration increased with the height of the mixed layer increases, but there were significant differences between sites Shijiazhuang and Tianjin; change the opposite trend is more obvious, while Beijing and Qinhuangdao are not obvious. The concentration multiplied by MLH on behalf of the 4 city atmospheric fine particles pollution Load (PM2.5 * MLH) the results showed that Shijiazhuang, Beijing and Tianjin 3 stations in summer two season, mobile emission sources contribute to their respective areas, but in the autumn season, Beijing day by motor vehicles (cars) influence the relative weakening of emission sources and night affected by diesel vehicles are still significant in Shijiazhuang. Because of the proliferation of adverse conditions makes the near surface concentrations of fine particulate matter accumulation, especially with elevated source of PM2.5 is significant; although Tianjin PM2.5 pollution early, late peak traffic high value, but the atmospheric pollution load reaches the maximum at noon, Tianjin air pollution by motor vehicles and coal-fired double impact; due to the effect by sea breeze vibration cleaning the air pollution load throughout the year in Qinhuangdao is relatively low, can not effectively identify local pollution emissions contribute to PM2.5. Beijing, Tianjin, Shijiazhuang and Qinhuangdao atmospheric MLH appears white night sky. Low in common, but the seasonal variation has its own characteristics, the influence of meteorological factors on variation of MLH are not the same; there was a significant difference between the various elements of city air pollution impact load. Shijiazhuang in winter by the elevated point source of Beijing at night by diesel effect prominent, Tianjin shows by motor vehicles and coal-fired double effect Qinhuangdao, is difficult to use the research on the identification method. The results have important significance for the cognition of Beijing Tianjin Hebei region pollution distribution status, and provide a scientific reference for regional pollution source reasonable regulation.

【學位授予單位】：南京信息工程大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X513

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