本文關(guān)鍵詞：滇池疏浚底泥中重金屬在四種蔬菜中的累積效應(yīng)及其風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)　出處：《昆明理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 滇池 疏浚底泥 農(nóng)用 重金屬 風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià)

【摘要】：滇池疏浚底泥富含有植物生長(zhǎng)和發(fā)育所需的營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì),例如有機(jī)質(zhì)和N、P等,農(nóng)用可以改善土壤結(jié)構(gòu)、提高土壤保水肥能力,有利于植物的生長(zhǎng)與發(fā)育,是底泥處理處置的主要方式之一。但是由于重金屬的污染問(wèn)題,限制了其大量資源化利用的可能性。本研究通過(guò)盆栽及田間試驗(yàn),對(duì)生菜、白菜、棒菜和蘿卜四種蔬菜施用疏浚底泥作為有機(jī)肥進(jìn)行種植,分析疏浚底泥農(nóng)用后,其重金屬含量對(duì)蔬菜的影響,并對(duì)其進(jìn)行風(fēng)險(xiǎn)評(píng)價(jià),選擇適合的疏浚底泥,采用合理的方式進(jìn)行資源化利用。研究的主要結(jié)果表明：(1)福寶塘疏浚底泥和寶豐灣疏浚底泥盆栽實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,應(yīng)將底泥的施用量控制在5%內(nèi),而且塊莖類的蘿卜更適合在底泥改良過(guò)的土壤上種植。加入改良劑石灰能有效的降低Cu和Cd在蔬菜中的累積,但不能降低Pb和Zn在蔬菜中的累積。(2)福寶塘疏浚底泥盆栽試驗(yàn)中葉菜類作物空白對(duì)照重金屬BCF大小為CdZnPbCu,對(duì)于塊莖類作物空白對(duì)照組重金屬BCF大小為ZnPbCdCu。其余葉菜類組分重金屬富集能力大小均符合CdPbZnCu,而塊莖類組分重金屬BCF大小均符合CdZnPbCu。石灰鈍化實(shí)驗(yàn)中塊莖類蔬菜蘿卜的空白對(duì)照組中重金屬BCF大小為CdZnPb,其他組分中重金屬BCF大小為ZnPb。寶豐灣疏浚底泥實(shí)驗(yàn)中葉菜類蔬菜重金屬BCF大小為CdPbZnCu,對(duì)于塊莖類蘿卜重金屬BCF大小為CdZnPbCu。石灰鈍化實(shí)驗(yàn)中葉菜類蔬菜重金屬BCF大小為PbZn,對(duì)于塊莖類的蘿卜重金屬BCF大小為ZnPb。隨著疏浚底泥施入量的增加,BCF值也隨之增大。(3)福寶塘疏浚底泥有機(jī)質(zhì)等營(yíng)養(yǎng)元素遠(yuǎn)高于寶豐灣疏浚底泥,且由盆栽蔬菜實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果可知,前者更適合用于農(nóng)用資源化利用。因此,采用福寶塘疏浚底泥進(jìn)行田間蔬菜應(yīng)用實(shí)驗(yàn)。田間試驗(yàn)中,葉菜類蔬菜種植應(yīng)將底泥的施用量控制在1.6 kg.m-2以下,塊莖類蔬菜種植應(yīng)將底泥的施用量控制在2.4 kg.m-2以下。葉菜類作物重金屬富集能力大小均為ZnCdPbCu,莖塊類作物重金屬富集能力大小為ZnCdCuPb。隨著疏浚底泥施入量的增加,BCF值也隨之增大。(4)盆栽試驗(yàn)和田間應(yīng)用試驗(yàn)中,化學(xué)致癌物Cd引起的平均健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)均低于ICRP推薦的最高終生可接受的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)水平3.5×10-3；而非化學(xué)致癌物P、Zn、Cu引起的健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)以Zn最大,Pb次之,Cu最小,英國(guó)皇家協(xié)會(huì)、瑞典環(huán)境保護(hù)局及荷蘭建設(shè)環(huán)境部等推薦的終生可接受風(fēng)險(xiǎn)水平為7×10-5,而上述非化學(xué)致癌物引起的健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)均低于以上水平。而兒童的健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)大于成人。
[Abstract]:Dianchi Lake dredged sediment is rich in nutrients needed for plant growth and development, such as organic matter and Nu P, etc. Agriculture can improve soil structure, increase soil moisture and fertilizer capacity, and facilitate plant growth and development. It is one of the main methods of sediment treatment and disposal. However, due to the pollution of heavy metals, the possibility of a large number of resource utilization is limited. In this study, lettuce and cabbage were treated by pot and field experiments. Four kinds of vegetables were planted with dredged sediment as organic fertilizer. The effect of heavy metal content on vegetable was analyzed after dredged sediment was used for agriculture. The risk was evaluated and the suitable dredged sediment was selected. The main results of this study are as follows: 1) the results of potted experiments on dredged sediment of Fubaotang and Baofeng Bay show that the application amount of sediment should be controlled within 5%. And tuber radish is more suitable to be planted on the improved soil. The addition of lime can effectively reduce the accumulation of Cu and CD in vegetables. However, the accumulation of Pb and Zn in vegetables could not be reduced. 2) in the pot experiment of dredged sediment in Fubaotang, the size of heavy metal BCF of leaf vegetable crops was CdZnPbCu. For tuber crop blank control group, the size of heavy metal BCF was ZnPbCdCu.The enrichment ability of other leaf vegetables was in line with CdPbZnCu. The size of heavy metal BCF in tubers was consistent with that of CdZnPbCu.The size of BCF in the blank control group of tuber vegetables and radish was CdZnPb in calcareous passivation experiment. The size of heavy metal BCF in other components was ZnPb.In the experiment of dredging sediment in Baofeng Bay, the BCF size of heavy metal in vegetables was CdPbZnCu. For tuber radish, the BCF of heavy metal was CdZnPbCu.The heavy metal BCF of leafy vegetables was PbZn in calcareous passivation experiment. For tubers, the size of heavy metal BCF was ZnPb, which increased with the application of dredged sediment. BCF value also increased. 3) the nutrient elements such as organic matter in dredged sediment of Fubaotang were much higher than those in Baofeng Bay, and the results of potted vegetable experiment showed that the former was more suitable for agricultural resource utilization. The field vegetable application experiment was carried out by using the dredged sediment of Fubaotang. In the field experiment, the application rate of the sediment should be controlled below 1.6 kg.m-2 for the planting of leafy vegetables. The application rate of sediment should be controlled below 2. 4 kg.m-2 in the cultivation of tuber vegetables, and the enrichment ability of heavy metals in leafy vegetables should be ZnCdPbCu. The enrichment capacity of heavy metals in stem block crops was ZnCdCuPb.BCF value increased with the application of dredged sediment. The average health risk caused by chemical carcinogen CD was lower than the highest lifetime acceptable risk level recommended by ICRP (3.5 脳 10 ~ (-3)). However, the health risk caused by non-chemical carcinogen Pu ZnN Cu was the lowest in Pb, followed by Zn, and the lowest in Royal Society of England. The lifetime acceptable risk level recommended by the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency and the Netherlands Ministry of Construction and Environment is 7 脳 10 ~ (-5). The health risks associated with these nonchemical carcinogens are lower than those above, and the health risks of children are higher than those of adults.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：昆明理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X53;S63;X82

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本文編號(hào)：1372006