本文關鍵詞：全球氣候變化背景下金川泥炭沼澤濕地水文動態(tài)及影響因素研究　出處：《東北師范大學》2016年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關文章： 泥炭沼澤濕地 水位 降水 影響因素 電導率

【摘要】：水文是濕地的發(fā)生學要素,也是界定濕地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的關鍵因素,水文過程通過改變物理化學環(huán)境,影響著土壤和生物。對濕地水文過程的研究,是濕地生態(tài)研究的重要基礎,濕地水文也受到氣候、地貌、地質、生物、人類干擾等因素的影響。全球氣候變化導致氣溫升高,旱澇頻發(fā),將影響濕地脆弱的水文環(huán)境,進而對整個生態(tài)系統(tǒng)產生影響。本文選取金川泥炭沼澤濕地為研究對象,以2011年至2014年為研究時段,對全球氣候變化下,濕地水位對降水的響應規(guī)律進行分析,并與影響因子——植被(生物多樣性、生物量、蓋度)、外界干擾(距河流遠近)、地形(高程)、土壤性質(容重)進行相關分析,揭示水文情勢的形成原因。分析水位與電導率的相關關系,推測水位對生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的影響機制,主要研究結果如下:(1)研究區(qū)域年降水量存在周期性豐枯變化,波動周期大致為3~5年。研究區(qū)域降水以小到中雨為主,發(fā)生頻率在80%以上,對總降水量降水貢獻率合計50%以上。而在全球氣候變化影響下,強降水和干旱頻率均呈現(xiàn)上升趨勢,每年分別上升0.055%和0.005%。(2)金川濕地內水位因降水影響而上下波動,東部邊緣區(qū)域水位最淺且波動劇烈;南部洼地水位最高且穩(wěn)定;濕地核心地帶水位較穩(wěn)定,平均水位在地表附近。水位日增量與日降水量顯著正相關。(3)不同頻率降水影響下水位呈現(xiàn)不同的動態(tài)特征,密集的降水對濕地的擾動較小,維持著濕地水位穩(wěn)定,而分散不均的降水對濕地擾動較大,濕地水位下降明顯。由此推斷,在全球氣候變化,強降水和干旱同時增多的現(xiàn)狀下,沼澤濕地水位穩(wěn)定性將受到消極影響。(4)不同強度降水對濕地水位影響程度不同。強降水過程中濕地水位的波動幅度大于弱降水過程。強降水結束后,水位由峰值回落,下降速度由快(約2mm/h)減慢(0.3mm/h左右);而弱降水后,水位始終以緩慢的速度(0.3mm/h左右)下降,水位高度影響水流形式(表面流或表層流)而影響下降速度。強降水作用下,濕地水位波動劇烈,全球氣候變化下,強降水增多,對濕地水文的擾動加劇。(5)水位動態(tài)變化受地形、外界干擾、植被群落特征、土壤滲透性等諸多因素的影響,水位隨地表高程升高而降低,低洼區(qū)域易匯聚降水而表現(xiàn)為高水位;河流對濕地水位動態(tài)的影響顯著,東部靠近河流的區(qū)域,水位波動最劇烈;植被豐富度越高、生物量越低,水位越穩(wěn)定;土壤容重越低,滲透性越好,水位越穩(wěn)定。金川濕地土壤容重隨深度增加而增大,表層土壤是濕地水位波動的活躍層,估測0~20cm。(6)金川濕地中水體電導率與水位顯著負相關,即隨著濕地水位上升,電導率下降。水位的動態(tài)變化,影響土壤氧化還原環(huán)境,進而影響微生物生存和有機物分解釋放無機鹽,造成水化學的變化,表現(xiàn)為電導率的升降。水位波動劇烈的區(qū)域,電導率高,即鹽分較高。全球氣候變化下,濕地水位的穩(wěn)定性差,將導致濕地土壤鹽漬化,影響濕地植被生長和群落演替。
[Abstract]:Is the occurrence of wetland hydrological elements, but also defines the key factors of the wetland ecosystem, the hydrological process by changing the physical and chemical environment, affect the soil and biology. Research on wetland hydrological processes, is an important research of wetland ecosystem, wetland hydrology is also affected by climate, topography, geology, biology, human disturbances and other factors global climate change led to rising temperatures, frequent droughts and floods will affect the hydrological environment, fragile wetlands, and thus have an impact on the whole ecological system. This paper selects the Jinchuan peat swamp wetland as the research object, from 2011 to 2014 as the research period of global climate change, response of wetland water level on precipitation was analyzed, and influence factor (vegetation biodiversity, biomass, coverage), external disturbance (distance from river), topography (Gao Cheng), soil properties (bulk density) were analyzed to reveal the hydrological situation Causes of potential. Correlation analysis of water level and conductivity, the influence mechanism that level of ecosystem, the main results are as follows: (1) the presence of periodic change of annual precipitation runoff fluctuation cycle research area, roughly 3~5 years. Study on regional precipitation in small to moderate rain, the frequency of occurrence in more than 80% the total precipitation precipitation contribution rate of a total of more than 50%. While under the influence of global climate change, strong precipitation and drought frequency showed a rising trend, the annual increase of respectively 0.055% and 0.005%. (2) level in the Jinchuan wetland because of precipitation effects on wave, the eastern edge of the shallow water level fluctuation and southern depression; the highest level and stable; the core area of wetland water level is stable, the average water level near the surface. The water level was positively correlated with the daily increment of daily precipitation. (3) effects of precipitation under different frequency level showed different dynamic characteristics, intensive The precipitation less disturbance of wetlands, wetland to maintain a stable water level, and the uneven dispersion of precipitation on wetland large disturbance, wetland water level decreased significantly. Thus, in the current situation of global climate change, strong precipitation and drought also increased, wetland water level stability will be negatively affected. (4) effects of different intensity precipitation the wetland water level in different degree. The fluctuation of water level in the wetland strong precipitation process than weak rainfall. Rainfall after the water level by the peak, decline speed (about 2mm/h) decreased (about 0.3mm/h); and weak precipitation, water level is always at a slow speed (about 0.3mm/h) decreased, the water level effect the flow form (surface flow or surface flow) and influence the rate of decline. Heavy rainfall effect, wetland water level fluctuations, global climate change, precipitation increased, aggravating water disturbance on the wetland. The water level change (5) By outside interference, terrain, vegetation community characteristics, soil permeability, the influence of many factors, the water level decreased with the increase of surface elevation, low-lying areas to gather precipitation showed high water level; the influence of river on wetland water level dynamic significantly, near the river's eastern region, the most dramatic fluctuation of water level; the higher the abundance of vegetation. The biomass is low, the water level is more stable; the soil bulk density is low, permeability is better, more stable water level. Jinchuan wetland soil bulk density increased with the increase of depth, the surface soil is wetland water level fluctuation in active layer, 0~20cm. (6) to estimate the water conductivity and water level in Jinchuan Lake wetland is a significant negative correlation with wetland water level rise the electrical conductivity decreases. Dynamic changes of water level, the influence of soil redox environment, thereby affecting the microbial decomposition of organic matter and inorganic salt free survival, caused by changes in water chemistry, to lift water conductivity. The area with high fluctuating intensity has high electrical conductivity, that is, high salinity. Under the global climate change, the poor stability of wetland water level will lead to salinization of wetland soil, which will affect the growth and succession of wetland vegetation.

【學位授予單位】：東北師范大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2016
【分類號】：X171

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