本文關(guān)鍵詞：4種宿根花卉對(duì)鉛、鎘吸收累積特性的研究　出處：《吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 宿根花卉 鉛、鎘脅迫 吸收規(guī)律 累積特性

【摘要】：試驗(yàn)以百合科宿根花卉大花萱草(Hemerocallis fulva)、‘金娃娃’萱草(Hemerocallis×hybrida‘stella deoro’)、‘甜心’玉簪(Hosta‘so sweet’)、東北玉簪(Hosta ensata)為材料,研究了在Pb濃度為600mg/kg、Cd濃度為40mg/kg的處理下,隨著植物體內(nèi)Pd、Cd的積累,不同時(shí)期4種花卉生理生長(zhǎng)的響應(yīng);并利用隸屬函數(shù)法對(duì)4種花卉的抗性能力進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)定;采用時(shí)間動(dòng)力學(xué)方法,研究4種花卉對(duì)Pd、Cd的吸收特征;結(jié)合差速離心法和化學(xué)試劑逐步提取法,研究Pd、Cd在4種花卉地上地下部分中的亞細(xì)胞分布特征和化學(xué)結(jié)合形態(tài)。探討在Pd、Cd脅迫下4種花卉的忍耐和解毒機(jī)理,旨在為城市污染土壤選擇綠化植物及其應(yīng)用提供參考。研究結(jié)果如下:(1)4種花卉在Pd、Cd處理下的株高除東北玉簪隨處理時(shí)間的增加呈先上升后下降的趨勢(shì)外,其他3種一直增加;隨著植株體內(nèi)Pd、Cd的積累,根長(zhǎng)增加的速度明顯減小,且處理的根系長(zhǎng)度基本都比對(duì)照低;4種宿根花卉的根冠比隨著Pb、Cd處理時(shí)間增加,大體上先升高后下降。即Pd、Cd在4種花卉體內(nèi)積累到一定程度時(shí)會(huì)對(duì)它們的生長(zhǎng)發(fā)育造成不良影響。(2)在Pb處理0~16d內(nèi),4種宿根花卉的葉綠素含量均有所增加,隨著處理時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng),葉綠素含量開始下降,也就是短時(shí)間的Pb處理對(duì)植物葉綠素的合成表現(xiàn)出促進(jìn)作用;隨著Cd脅迫時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng),4種花卉表現(xiàn)出的葉綠素含量變化規(guī)律不明顯。4種花卉在Pb、Cd處理下的葉綠素含量在第64d時(shí)均比第1d時(shí)明顯降低,且減小幅度最小是甜心玉簪,即其抗Pd、Cd脅迫能力最強(qiáng)。(3)隨著Pb處理時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng),4種植物的SOD酶活性大體上呈先減少后升高的變化趨勢(shì),POD活性均表現(xiàn)出先升后降的變化趨勢(shì);隨著Cd處理時(shí)間的增加,除東北玉簪的POD、SOD活性一直下降且比第1d小外,其他3種均先升高后下降,最后都比第1d高。在不同Cd處理下,不同植株的POD、SOD活性變化幅度不同。(4)利用隸屬函數(shù)法進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)價(jià)得出4種花卉Pb、Cd抗性由強(qiáng)到弱依次為‘甜心’玉簪、‘金娃娃’萱草、大花萱草、東北玉簪。4種植物體內(nèi)的重金屬含量進(jìn)行比較后發(fā)現(xiàn):Pb積累能力為東北玉簪‘甜心’玉簪大花萱草‘金娃娃’萱草;Cd積累能力為東北玉簪‘甜心’玉簪‘金娃娃’萱草大花萱草。從4種花卉對(duì)Pb、Cd的抗性和Pb、Cd含量可以看出:‘甜心’玉簪是重金屬Pb、Cd的高積累、高耐性植物,東北玉簪是重金屬Pb、Cd的高積累、低耐性植物。兩者都是修復(fù)重金屬污染土壤的最佳觀賞花卉。(5)0-40d處理內(nèi),4種宿根花卉地下部分Pb、Cd含量總體高于地上部分,且隨Pb、Cd處理時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng),4種植株在Pb、Cd的吸收過程中均出現(xiàn)一個(gè)最大值。但是4種花卉對(duì)Pb、Cd吸收達(dá)到最大值的時(shí)間有一定的差異。隨著Pb處理時(shí)間的增加,‘甜心’玉簪和大花萱草對(duì)Pb的轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)系數(shù)顯著減小;‘金娃娃’萱草和東北玉簪對(duì)Pb的轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)系數(shù)呈先升高后降低的趨勢(shì);隨著Cd處理時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng),4種花卉對(duì)Cd的轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)系數(shù)均減小。(6)Pb在4種花卉地上、地下部分亞細(xì)胞分布特征滿足:液泡及細(xì)胞可溶性部分細(xì)胞壁及其殘?jiān)糠旨?xì)胞膜及細(xì)胞器部分;Cd在地上地下部分亞細(xì)胞分布特征為:細(xì)胞壁及其殘?jiān)糠旨?xì)胞膜及細(xì)胞器部分液泡及細(xì)胞可溶性部分,4種花卉地上、地下部分Pb的重要結(jié)合部位液泡及細(xì)胞可溶性部分所占比例為42.91%~66.56%;Cd的重要結(jié)合部位是細(xì)胞壁及其殘?jiān)糠譃樗急壤?8.64%~91.25%。(7)從Pb化學(xué)形態(tài)分布特征看:大花萱草地上地下部分各化學(xué)形態(tài)Pb含量大小為PbHCPbNaClPbWPbEPbHAcPbr;‘金娃娃’萱草地上地下部分Pb含量大小為PbHCPbHAcPbNaClPbWPbEPbr;‘甜心’玉簪和東北玉簪地上地下部分各化學(xué)形態(tài)Pb含量大小為PbHClPbWPbEPbNaClPbHAcPbr。大花萱草、‘金娃娃’萱草、‘甜心’玉簪、東北玉簪地上地下部分各化學(xué)形態(tài)中均是PbHCl所占百分比最高,分別53.59%和61.22%、42.82%和42.67%、44.95%和49.54%、56.45%和37.17。(8)從Cd的化學(xué)形態(tài)分布特征看:大花萱草、‘金娃娃’萱草、東北玉簪地上地下部分不同化學(xué)形態(tài)Cd含量由大到小為CdECdNaClCdWCdHAcCdHClCdr;‘甜心’玉簪地上地下部分Cd含量大小為CdECdWCdNaClCdHAcCdHClCdr。
[Abstract]:In order to test the Liliaceae perennial flower Hemerocallis middendorfii (Hemerocallis fulva), Hemerocallis fulva Stella D'Oro (Hemerocallis * hybrida 'Stella deoro'), 'honey' (Hosta 'so sweet' Hosta), Hosta (Hosta ensata) in Northeast China as materials, studied at the concentration of Pb was 600mg/ kg, the concentration of Cd was 40mg/kg under the treatment with Pd in plants, the accumulation of Cd in different periods, 4 kinds of flower growth and physiological response; using the method of membership function ability resistance to 4 kinds of flowers of comprehensive evaluation; the time dynamics method study of 4 kinds of flowers on the Pd, Cd absorption characteristics; combined with differential centrifugation and chemical reagents gradually study on the extraction method, Pd, Cd in 4 kinds of flowers on the subcellular characteristics and chemical distribution in the underground part forms. On Pd, Cd stress tolerance and detoxification mechanism of 4 kinds of flowers, in order to provide reference for the selection of greening plants in city polluted soil and its application The test results are as follows: (1) 4 kinds of flowers in the Pd, Cd treatment plant was first increased and then decreased with increase in the northeast of Hosta processing time, the other 3 have been increased; with the accumulation of Pd in plants, Cd, root length increased the root length and velocity decrease significantly. The basic treatment was lower than the control; 4 kinds of perennial flowers in the root shoot ratio with Pb, Cd increased processing time substantially increased first and then decreased. Pd, accumulated to a certain degree of Cd in 4 kinds of flowers will be in their growth on the development of adverse effects. (2) in the Pb 0~16d, the increased the chlorophyll content of 4 perennial flowers, with the prolonging of treatment time, the chlorophyll content began to decrease, which is Pb short treatment time on plant chlorophyll synthesis showed a promotion effect; with the prolonging of Cd stress time, regularity of chlorophyll content changes of flower show 4 is not obvious .4 flowers in Pb, the chlorophyll content under Cd treatment at 64D were higher than 1D significantly decreased, and the decrease amplitude of the smallest is honey Hosta, its anti Pd, Cd stress had the strongest ability. (3) with the Pb treatment time, SOD activity of 4 species was decreased substantially after the trend of high rise, the trend of POD activity showed first increased and then decreased; with the increase of Cd processing time, in addition to the northeast of Hosta POD, SOD activity was decreased and the ratio of the 1D, the other 3 were first increased and then decreased, finally is 1D high. In different Cd treatment under different plant POD, the changes of SOD activity in different ranges. (4) using the membership function method for comprehensive evaluation of the 4 kinds of flowers Pb, Cd resistance from strong to weak as' honey 'Hosta, Hemerocallis fulva Stella D'Oro, Hemerocallis middendorfii, heavy metal content of Hosta.4 planting objects within the Northeast were compared found: Pb accumulation ability As a "sweetheart" northeast Hosta Hosta Hemerocallis Hemerocallis fulva Stella D'Oro; Cd accumulation ability for the Northeast 'honey' Hosta Hosta Hemerocallis fulva Stella D'Oro Hemerocallis middendorfii. From the 4 kinds of flowers on the Pb, the resistance of Cd and Pb, Cd content can be seen: "honey" jade is high accumulation of heavy metals of Pb, Cd the high tolerance of plants, the Northeast jade is high accumulation of heavy metals of Pb, Cd, low tolerance of plants. Both are the best ornamental flower in the remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil. (5) 0-40d, 4 kinds of perennial flowers in underground part of Pb, the content of Cd is higher than that of the ground part, and with Pb, Cd treatment time the 4 plant in Pb, one of the largest values appeared in the absorption process of Cd. But the 4 kinds of flowers on the Pb, Cd absorption peak time is different. With the increase of Pb treatment time, the transfer coefficient of honey 'Hosta and Hemerocallis middendorfii of Pb significantly decreased; "gold dolls. The transfer coefficient of Hemerocallis and northeast of Pb Hosta first increased and then decreased; with the increase of the Cd treatment time, the transfer coefficient of 4 kinds of flowers of Cd were decreased. (6) Pb in 4 kinds of flowers on the ground and underground parts meet the subcellular distribution of vacuoles and cell: soluble portion of the cell wall and cell residue the membrane and organelle part; Cd on the underground part of subcellular distribution of cell wall and its residue as part of the cell membrane and organelle vacuole and cell soluble part part, 4 kinds of flowers on the ground, the underground part of the Pb binding site of important vacuoles and cell soluble part of the proportion of 42.91%~66.56%; the important binding site of Cd is the cell wall and the residue for the proportion of 48.64%~91.25%. (7) from Pb chemical speciation: Flower Xuan grass on the underground part of the chemical forms of Pb in the size of PbHCPbNaClPbWPbEPbHAcPbr; " The doll 'Xuan grass underground part Pb in the size of PbHCPbHAcPbNaClPbWPbEPbr;' honey 'Hosta and Hosta plantaginea Aschers underground on the ground part of each chemical forms of Pb content size PbHClPbWPbEPbNaClPbHAcPbr. of Hemerocallis middendorfii, Hemerocallis fulva Stella D'Oro, "sweetheart" Hosta, northeast jade hairpin on the underground part of the chemical form are the percentage of PbHCl the highest, respectively 53.59% and 61.22%, 42.82% and 42.67%, 44.95% and 49.54%, 56.45% and 37.17. (8) from Cd chemical speciation: Hemerocallis middendorfii, Hemerocallis fulva Stella D'Oro, the northeast part of the two different chemical forms of Cd content from large to small CdECdNaClCdWCdHAcCdHClCdr; "sweetheart" on Hosta the underground part of Cd content of size CdECdWCdNaClCdHAcCdHClCdr.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：吉林農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：S682.1;X173

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