樹脂改性納米鐵修復(fù)鉛污染地下水的研究
本文關(guān)鍵詞:樹脂改性納米鐵修復(fù)鉛污染地下水的研究 出處:《吉林大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文 論文類型:學(xué)位論文
更多相關(guān)文章: 地下水 鉛 樹脂納米鐵 修復(fù)
【摘要】:地下水是水資源的重要組成部分,是解決我國工業(yè)、農(nóng)業(yè)、生活用水的重要資源。近幾十年,經(jīng)濟(jì)粗放式發(fā)展使得對(duì)自然資源開發(fā)利用強(qiáng)度日漸增大,地表水污染嚴(yán)重,地下水環(huán)境也遭受不同程度的污染。重金屬是地下水中一種重要的污染物。重金屬高穩(wěn)定、難以降解的特性使得地下水重金屬污染具有危害不可預(yù)測的特點(diǎn)。鉛作為典型的重金屬污染物,是著名的“五毒”之一,具有致畸、致癌、致突變的“三致”特性,隨著鉛污染事件增多,鉛污染地下水修復(fù)勢在必行。 零價(jià)鐵簡單易得、反應(yīng)性強(qiáng),可與多種污染物發(fā)生反應(yīng),零價(jià)鐵處理環(huán)境污染物成為近年來十分活躍的研究領(lǐng)域。納米級(jí)零價(jià)鐵粒徑小、比表面積大、表面能大,在保持零價(jià)鐵化學(xué)性的基礎(chǔ)上具有更高的反應(yīng)活性、強(qiáng)還原性及吸附性,但是納米鐵易團(tuán)聚、穩(wěn)定性差,抗氧化性差的特點(diǎn)使其在應(yīng)用中受到局限,因此納米鐵的改性成為了必然。 本研究討論樹脂改性納米鐵應(yīng)用于鉛污染地下水修復(fù)的可行性,并且在靜態(tài)批實(shí)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,構(gòu)建有機(jī)玻璃柱反應(yīng)裝置,研究動(dòng)態(tài)條件下的修復(fù)效果,研究成果如下: (1)對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)所用樹脂納米鐵進(jìn)行SEM和XRD表征,確定其形態(tài)、主要成分及穩(wěn)定性,結(jié)果表明粒子粒徑約為50-200nm,整體呈絮狀排列,主要成分為Fe(0),具有很強(qiáng)的空氣穩(wěn)定性及抗氧化性,在空氣中,暴露條件下可穩(wěn)定存放60天以上; (2)研究樹脂納米鐵對(duì)鉛污染地下水的修復(fù)效果,確定反應(yīng)基本條件,探究反應(yīng)動(dòng)力學(xué)及反應(yīng)機(jī)理。結(jié)果表明,樹脂納米鐵對(duì)鉛污染物的去除符合準(zhǔn)一級(jí)動(dòng)力學(xué)方程,其機(jī)理為混凝吸附和表面還原共同作用。樹脂納米鐵對(duì)鉛的去除率受多種因素影響,隨樹脂納米鐵投加量增大、初始污染物濃度減小鉛的去除率增加;水體中的DO作為電子受體可以與Fe(0)發(fā)生反應(yīng),與Pb2+競爭電子,因此地下水無氧環(huán)境有利于反應(yīng)的進(jìn)行;初始pH不同,處理效果略有不同,pH過大或過小均不利于反應(yīng)進(jìn)行,本實(shí)驗(yàn)中最適pH為4; (3)研究常見地下水離子Cl-、SO42-、HCO3-、Ca2+、Mg2+對(duì)樹脂納米鐵修復(fù)鉛污染地下水的影響。地下水離子成分存在時(shí),樹脂納米鐵對(duì)鉛污染物的處理仍符合準(zhǔn)一級(jí)動(dòng)力學(xué)方程,但是,速率常數(shù)大小與離子種類和濃度均有關(guān)系;SO42-和Cl-可以破壞納米鐵表面鈍化層或形成綠銹,促進(jìn)鉛的去除;HCO3-存在時(shí)與Pb2+生成PbCO3沉淀,反應(yīng)初期就使污染物濃度大量減少,而且HCO3-的pH緩沖性也促進(jìn)了反應(yīng)的進(jìn)行;Ca2+和Mg2+容易與地下水中的OH-生成沉淀,抑制反應(yīng)進(jìn)行,且Ca2+的抑制作用強(qiáng)于Mg2+。 (4)在前期批實(shí)驗(yàn)的基礎(chǔ)上,,利用石英砂為主要填充介質(zhì),構(gòu)建有機(jī)玻璃柱反應(yīng)裝置,模擬水體流動(dòng)狀態(tài)下污染物的運(yùn)移及修復(fù)過程,討論樹脂納米鐵用量、添加活性炭及不同地下水流速對(duì)鉛污染地下水修復(fù)效果的影響。增加樹脂納米鐵粉用量,可強(qiáng)化修復(fù)效果;添加活性炭促進(jìn)污染物去除,但反應(yīng)初期出水可溶性總鐵濃度很高,可能引起地下水鐵超標(biāo);地下水流速增大會(huì)降低污染物與樹脂納米鐵的接觸時(shí)間,因此降低污染物的去除率。
[Abstract]:Groundwater is an important component of water resources . It is an important resource to solve the industrial , agricultural and domestic water resources in China . In recent decades , economic and extensive development has made the development and utilization of natural resources increasing , the surface water pollution is serious , and the groundwater environment is polluted by different degrees . The heavy metal is one of the most important pollutants in groundwater . The heavy metal is one of the most important pollutants in groundwater . The zero - valent iron is simple and easy to obtain and has strong reactivity and can react with various pollutants , and the zero - valent iron treatment environment pollutant is a very active research field in recent years . In this paper , the feasibility of applying resin modified nano - iron to the remediation of lead - contaminated groundwater is discussed , and on the basis of the static batch experiment , the organic glass column reaction device is constructed , and the repairing effect under dynamic conditions is studied . ( 1 ) The resin nano - iron used in the experiment was characterized by SEM and XRD , and its morphology , main composition and stability were determined . The results show that the particle size is about 50 - 200 nm , and the main component is Fe ( 0 ) . The main component is Fe ( 0 ) . It has strong air stability and oxidation resistance , and can be stored stably for more than 60 days under the condition of exposure . ( 2 ) The effect of resin nano - iron on lead pollution groundwater was studied . The reaction kinetics and reaction mechanism were determined . The results showed that the removal of lead by resin nano - iron was consistent with the quasi - first order kinetic equation . ( 3 ) The effects of Cl - , SO _ 2 - , HCO _ 3 - , Ca 2 + , Mg 2 + on the groundwater of lead contaminated groundwater were studied . in that early stage of the reaction , the concentration of the pollutant is reduce greatly , and the pH buffering property of the HCO 3 - is also promote the reaction ; Ca2 + and Mg2 + are easy to react with OH in the groundwater to inhibit the reaction , and the inhibition of Ca2 + is stronger than Mg2 + . ( 4 ) On the basis of the previous batch experiment , using quartz sand as the main filling medium , the organic glass column reaction device is constructed to simulate the migration and repair of the pollutants in the water flowing state . The effect of the amount of the resin nano - iron , the addition of activated carbon and the flow rate of different groundwater on the groundwater restoration effect of lead pollution is discussed . The amount of the resin nano - iron powder is increased , the repairing effect can be enhanced ; the addition of activated carbon can enhance the removal of pollutants , but the water soluble total iron concentration in the early stage of the reaction is high , the contact time between the pollutants and the resin nano - iron can be reduced , and the removal rate of the pollutants is reduced .
【學(xué)位授予單位】:吉林大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】:碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】:2015
【分類號(hào)】:X523
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