本文關(guān)鍵詞：功能生物電化學(xué)系統(tǒng)的微生物群落研究　出處：《湖南大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 生物電化學(xué) 微生物燃料電池 高通量測序 微生物群落

【摘要】：隨著生物電化學(xué)技術(shù)的興起,其環(huán)境功能的拓展也越來越多。微生物作為生物電化學(xué)系統(tǒng)的主角,其與生物電化學(xué)系統(tǒng)的環(huán)境學(xué)功能有著緊密聯(lián)系。本論文通過二代高通量測序平臺,結(jié)合生物信息挖掘,研究功能生物電化學(xué)系統(tǒng)的生物膜微生物群落系統(tǒng)。探討了硫酸鹽去除、硝酸鹽去除、銨態(tài)氮去除生物電化學(xué)系統(tǒng)的微生物群落。為解釋功能生物電化學(xué)系統(tǒng)中生物學(xué)過程提供了理論基礎(chǔ),為進一步強化生物電化學(xué)系統(tǒng)的環(huán)境功能提供了理論支持。本論文主要結(jié)論如下:1.通過454焦磷酸測序平臺,全面探索了硫酸鹽去除生物電化學(xué)系統(tǒng)在不同p H條件下生物膜的群落特征。在α-多樣性方面,群落豐度和多樣性指數(shù)隨p H增加呈正相關(guān)。在分類操作單元(OTU)分析中,與D.butyrativorans,Desulfovibrio marrakechensis和Desulfomicrobium sp.匹配的OTU可能在去除硫酸鹽過程中起作用�；趯偎降姆治�,在堿性條件生物電化學(xué)系統(tǒng)中的Desulfomicrobium促進硫酸鹽去除,而Sulfuricurvum則不利于硫酸鹽的去除。在中性和酸性條件下,Desulfovibrio促進硫酸鹽去除,而Thiomonas削弱了硫酸鹽的去除效果。以上結(jié)果討論了p H條件是如何通過改變微生物群落,從而影響生物電化學(xué)系統(tǒng)的硫酸鹽去除效果。2.研究結(jié)果顯示,小外阻的微生物燃料電池提高了硝酸鹽去除效率和產(chǎn)電能力�；�16S r RNA基因擴增子的焦磷酸測序表明反硝化生物陰極能維持一定量的Proteobacteria,Bacteroidetes,Chloroflexi和Planctomycetes。Alphaproteobacteria,Anaerolineae和Phycisphaerae的微生物可能有利于電流的產(chǎn)生和硝酸鹽去除。29個主要的OTUs主導(dǎo)了反硝化生物膜微生物群落,并且自養(yǎng)反硝化菌和異養(yǎng)反硝化菌在生物陰極的硝酸鹽去除過程中起到了重要作用,當(dāng)微生物殘體被異養(yǎng)反硝化菌利用時,其兩者協(xié)同促進了反硝化過程。3.通過探索不同外阻下生物電化學(xué)系統(tǒng)非生物和生物去除銨態(tài)氮,研究結(jié)果顯示銨態(tài)氮的非生物度電遷移與系統(tǒng)中電流大小正相關(guān),電阻越小,電流越大,電遷移作用越強。陽極生物膜去除銨態(tài)氮與系統(tǒng)外阻成反比,高通量群落分析解析了陽極銨態(tài)氮去除生物協(xié)作群落。硝化細(xì)菌將廢水中銨態(tài)氮轉(zhuǎn)化為硝態(tài)氮;反硝化細(xì)菌接收電化學(xué)活性菌的電子或異養(yǎng)利用底物作電子供體,利用硝酸鹽作電子受體,將硝酸鹽轉(zhuǎn)化為游離態(tài)氮;固氮微生物能將空氣中游離態(tài)氮轉(zhuǎn)化為含氮化合物,這將不利于生物膜群落對銨態(tài)氮的去除。電化學(xué)活性微生物促進生物膜菌群電子傳遞,提升了微生物氧化還原代謝的協(xié)作能力。
[Abstract]:With the rise of bioelectrochemical technology, more and more environmental functions have been expanded. As the protagonist of bioelectrochemical system, microorganism is closely related to the environmental function of bioelectrochemical system. In this paper, the two generation high - throughput sequencing platform, combined with biological information mining, was used to study the biofilm microbial community system of functional bioelectrochemical system. The microbial community of bioelectrochemical system by sulfate removal, nitrate removal and ammonium nitrogen removal was discussed. It provides a theoretical basis for explaining biological processes in functional bioelectrochemical system, and provides theoretical support for further strengthening the environmental function of bioelectrochemical system. The main conclusions of this paper are as follows: 1., through the 454 pyrosequencing platform, we explored the community characteristics of sulfate biofilm system under different P H conditions. In alpha diversity, the community abundance and diversity index were positively correlated with the increase of P H. In the classification operation unit (OTU) analysis, OTU, which matches D.butyrativorans, Desulfovibrio marrakechensis and Desulfomicrobium sp., may play a role in the process of sulfate removal. Based on the genera level analysis, Desulfomicrobium in alkaline bioelectrochemical system promoted sulfate removal, while Sulfuricurvum was not conducive to sulfate removal. Under neutral and acidic conditions, Desulfovibrio promotes sulfate removal, while Thiomonas weakens the removal of sulfate. The above results discussed how the P H condition can affect the sulfate removal efficiency by changing the microbial community and thus affecting the sulfate removal of the bioelectrochemical system. 2. the results showed that the small external resistance microbial fuel cell increased the nitrate removal efficiency and the power production capacity. Based on pyrosequencing of 16S R RNA gene amplicon, denitrifying biocathode can maintain a certain amount of Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi and Planctomycetes. Microbes of Alphaproteobacteria, Anaerolineae and Phycisphaerae may be beneficial to the production of current and the removal of nitrate. The 29 main OTUs dominant denitrifying biofilm microbial community, and autotrophic denitrifying bacteria and heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria to remove nitrate in Biological Cathode played an important role in the process, when the microbial residues are heterotrophic denitrifying bacteria use, both promoted the denitrification process. 3., by exploring the biological and electrochemical removal of ammonium nitrogen under different external resistances, the results show that the abiotic electrical migration of ammonium nitrogen is positively related to the current size in the system. The smaller the resistance, the greater the current, the stronger the electromigration. The removal of ammonium nitrogen from the anodic biofilm is inversely proportional to the external resistance of the system. High throughput community analysis analyses the removal of biocooperative communities by anodic ammonium nitrogen. Nitrifying bacteria will ammonium nitrogen into nitrate nitrogen in wastewater; denitrifying bacteria receiving electrochemically active bacteria electronic or heterotrophic by substrate as electron donor to use nitrate as electron acceptors, the conversion of nitrate to free nitrogen; nitrogen fixing microorganisms in air can be free nitrogen into nitrogenous compounds, which will is not conducive to the biofilm community on the removal of ammonium nitrogen. Electrochemically active microorganisms promote the electron transfer of biofilm groups and enhance the cooperative ability of microbial redox metabolism.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：湖南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：O646;X703

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本文編號：1343183