本文關(guān)鍵詞：磷礦粉和水稻秸軒對土壤鉛污染鈍化和作物生長的影響　出處：《華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 鉛 磷礦粉 活化磷礦粉 水稻秸稈

【摘要】：農(nóng)田土壤中重金屬污染對生態(tài)環(huán)境質(zhì)量、食品安全和社會經(jīng)濟持續(xù)發(fā)展構(gòu)成嚴重威脅,已成為環(huán)境污染控制的重點與難點,是當前亟待解決的突出環(huán)境問題。本文利用磷礦粉(含活化磷礦粉)與經(jīng)過一定腐化處理的水稻秸稈混合施于鉛污染土壤,開展盆栽試驗和室內(nèi)培養(yǎng)試驗,研究供試材料對鉛的鈍化效果和對土壤基本性質(zhì)的影響,同時利用磷礦粉在湖南省臨湘市忠防鎮(zhèn)桃林鉛鋅礦區(qū)進行田間試驗,鈍化土壤重金屬。主要研究結(jié)果如下:1、施用磷礦粉能提高小白菜葉片葉綠素值和生物量,降低小白菜鉛含量和生物積累量。盆栽試驗中,施用含磷(P2O5)0.12 g/kg活化磷礦粉能提高小白菜葉綠素值,與對照相比增幅達33%以上,而同量原磷礦粉能提高10%;對照處理中,45天生長的生物量僅為1.48 g/株,施用磷礦粉和活化磷礦粉處理,小白菜生物量分別可達2 g/株和3 g/株以上,而高量活化磷礦粉處理小白菜生物量超過5 g/株;對照處理中小白菜鉛濃度高達17.18 mg/kg,鉛累積量為25.3 ug/株,低量和高量活化磷礦粉降低小白菜鉛濃度到4.96 mg/kg和2.78 mg/kg,鉛積累量減少了25%和37%。2、添加磷礦粉和腐熟水稻秸稈都可顯著提高土壤p H、有效磷、交換性鈣含量和陽離子交換量,與施用量呈正相關(guān),且活化磷礦粉效果強于原磷礦粉。盆栽試驗中添加磷礦粉和水稻秸稈可使土壤p H提高0.48,土壤有效磷、交換性鈣含量提高1.06-8.21 mg/kg和0.14-0.49 cmol/kg,陽離子交換量增加0.23-1.81 cmol/kg。而培養(yǎng)試驗中添加磷礦粉和腐熟水稻秸稈可使土壤p H提高0.28,淹水處理的土壤p H比保持70%田間持水量處理的土壤p H值高,平均差值0.14;可使土壤有效磷含量提高0.11-9.16 mg/kg,添加了腐熟水稻秸稈的處理土壤有效磷含量比未添加的平均增加0.36 mg/kg,淹水處理含量比保持70%田間持水量處理的低0.3-1.5 mg/kg;交換性鈣含量提高0.04-0.72 cmol/kg,添加了腐熟水稻秸稈的處理比未添加的略高,但差異不顯著,高量原磷礦粉比低量原磷礦粉處理的土壤交換性鈣含量增加了0.18cmol/kg,淹水處理比保持70%田間持水量處理的土壤高0.22-0.47 cmol/kg,添加磷礦粉和腐熟水稻秸稈可使土壤陽離子交換量提高0.12-1.44 cmol/kg。3、添加磷礦粉和腐熟水稻秸稈可使土壤各形態(tài)鉛含量發(fā)生顯著變化,減少交換態(tài)鉛含量,增加鐵錳氧化物結(jié)合態(tài)、殘渣態(tài)等含量。盆栽試驗中各處理與對照相比,可降低交換態(tài)鉛35 mg/kg,降幅28.7%;培養(yǎng)試驗中添加磷礦粉和腐熟水稻秸稈使交換態(tài)鉛降低4.5-50.8 mg/kg,最多比對照降低40.3%。培養(yǎng)試驗中添加腐熟水稻秸稈的處理交換態(tài)鉛濃度比未添加的低4.8-13.2 mg/kg,淹水處理比保持70%田間持水量處理低4.6-17.4 mg/kg。添加腐熟水稻秸稈的處理有機結(jié)合態(tài)鉛濃度比未添加的處理高6.6-10.2 mg/kg;淹水處理的土壤鐵錳氧化物結(jié)合態(tài)比保持70%田間持水量的處理高,最大差值可達14.7 mg/kg,各處理中碳酸鹽結(jié)合態(tài)鉛差異不顯著。4、施用磷礦粉和活化磷礦粉能提高土壤p H值、鈍化重金屬、降低農(nóng)作物重金屬含量、促進農(nóng)作物增產(chǎn)。水稻土經(jīng)一季種植后p H值約增加0.22,兩季種植后可再提高0.10。水稻田中施用活化磷礦粉,油菜收獲后土壤交換態(tài)鉛降低到25.3mg/kg,降幅為35%;土壤有效態(tài)鋅降低到45.2 mg/kg,降幅為39%�；罨椎V粉可使油菜籽中鉛、鋅濃度降低43%和24%;活化磷礦粉處理產(chǎn)量與對照相比增產(chǎn)234 kg/ha,增產(chǎn)率為16%。水稻收獲后,施用活化磷礦粉能持續(xù)降低土壤交換態(tài)鉛,降幅增加19%;有效態(tài)鋅減少6.4 mg/kg�；罨椎V粉可使稻谷中鉛和鋅濃度分別降低40%和27%;活化磷礦粉處理水稻產(chǎn)量與對照相比增產(chǎn)604 kg/ha,增產(chǎn)率為7%。綜上可知,活化磷礦粉施于土壤能促進鉛的鈍化,且比未活化磷礦粉的鈍化效果顯著;磷礦粉與腐熟秸稈混施能顯著提高鈍化效果,而未腐熟的秸稈混施沒有明顯效果;施用鈍化劑后進行淹水處理能顯著提高鈍化效果。本文分析了不同鈍化材料在不同條件下對鉛的鈍化效果,并對實驗進行了深入討論,為鉛污染土壤治理提供了一定理論依據(jù),但對于不同材料之間的相互作用,以及不同條件下與鉛的交互作用機理,仍需進一步研究。
[Abstract]:Heavy metal pollution in farmland soil is a serious threat to the quality of ecological environment, food safety and sustainable development of society and economy. It has become the focus and difficulty of environmental pollution control, and it is the outstanding environmental problem to be solved at present. This paper uses phosphorite powder (containing activated phosphate rocks) and rice straw mixed decay after a certain processing applied to lead contaminated soil in pot experiment and indoor incubation experiment, the research tested the passivation effect of materials on the lead and influence on soil basic properties, and the use of phosphate rock powder field test was carried out in Linxiang City, Hunan province Zhong Fang the town of Taolin lead-zinc mine, passivation of heavy metals in soil. The main results are as follows: 1. The application of phosphate mineral powder can improve the chlorophyll value and biomass of Chinese cabbage leaves, and reduce the content of lead and biological accumulation in Chinese cabbage. In the pot experiment, the application of phosphorus (P2O5) 0.12 g/kg activated phosphate rocks can improve chlorophyll value, compared with an increase of over 33%, while the amount of raw phosphate can increase 10%; control treatment, 45 days of biomass growth is only 1.48 g/ strains, applying phosphate and activated phosphorite powder, small the cabbage biomass was up to 2 g/ strains and 3 g/ strains, and the high amount of activated phosphate rock processing of Pakchoi biomass is more than 5 g/ strains; small cabbage lead concentration up to 17.18 mg/kg control, the lead accumulation was 25.3 ug/ strain, low volume and high amount of activated phosphorite powder reduced concentration of lead to Chinese cabbage 4.96 mg/kg and 2.78 mg/kg, the lead accumulation decreased 25% and 37%. 2, adding phosphorus ore powder and decomposing rice straw can significantly improve soil P H, available phosphorus, exchangeable calcium content and cation exchange volume, and positively correlated with the amount of application, and the effect of activated phosphate ore is stronger than that of raw phosphate rock. In pot experiment, adding phosphorus ore powder and rice straw can increase soil P H by 0.48, increase soil available phosphorus and exchangeable calcium content 1.06-8.21 mg/kg and 0.14-0.49 cmol/kg, and increase cation exchange capacity 0.23-1.81 cmol/kg. And add to the culture of phosphorus ore and decomposition of rice straw in the soil test p H increased by 0.28, flooding the soil P H water treatment maintained more than 70% of field capacity of soil P H value is high, the average value of 0.14; the soil available phosphorus content increased 0.11-9.16 mg/kg, adding the treatment of soil available phosphorus content in rice straw compost the ratio did not add an average increase of 0.36 mg/kg, the content of water treatment water treatment maintained more than 70% of field capacity low 0.3-1.5 mg/kg; exchangeable calcium content increased 0.04-0.72 cmol/kg, adding the treatment of decomposition of rice straw is slightly higher than without, but the difference is not significant, high Liangyuan phosphaterock than the low amount of raw phosphate ore processing exchangeable calcium content in soil increased 0.18cmol/kg, waterlogging water treatment maintained more than 70% of field capacity of soil with high 0.22-0.47 cmol/kg, adding phosphorus ore and decomposition of rice straw in the soil cation exchange capacity increased by 0. 12-1.44 cmol/kg. 3, adding phosphorus ore powder and decomposing rice straw can significantly change the lead content in different forms of soil, reduce the content of exchangeable lead, increase the content of iron manganese oxide bound state, residue state and so on. In the pot experiment, compared with the control, each treatment could reduce the exchange lead 35 mg/kg and decrease 28.7%. In the culture experiment, the addition of phosphate ore and cooked rice straw reduced the exchangeable lead by 4.5-50.8 mg/kg, which was 40.3% lower than that of the control. In the culture experiment, the concentration of exchangeable lead increased with the addition of rotten rice straw. The concentration of lead in the exchangeable lead was lower than that in the 4.8-13.2 mg/kg which was not added. The treatment of waterlogging was lower than that of the 70% field water holding capacity, which was 4.6-17.4 mg/kg. The organic combination of Pb concentration 6.6-10.2 mg/kg higher than the treatment without adding decomposition of rice straw; treatment of flooded soil iron manganese oxide bound processing maintained more than 70% of field capacity is high, the maximum difference was 14.7 mg/kg, the carbonate bound Pb had no significant difference. 4. The application of phosphate mineral powder and activated phosphorus mineral powder can increase the P H value of soil, passivate heavy metals, reduce the content of heavy metals in crops, and promote the increase of crop yield. After one season, the P H value of paddy soil increased by 0.22, and then increased by 0.10 after planting in the two season. After application of activated phosphate ore in paddy field, the soil exchangeable lead decreased to 25.3mg/kg, the decline was 35%, and the available zinc in soil decreased to 45.2 mg/kg, and the decline was 39%. Activated phosphate ore can reduce the concentration of lead and zinc in Rapeseed by 43% and 24%, and the yield of activated phosphorus mineral powder increases by 234 kg/ha compared with the control, and the yield increase is 16%. After the harvest of rice, the application of activated phosphorus mineral powder can continue to reduce the exchangeable lead in the soil, the decrease increase by 19%, and the decrease of 6.4 mg/kg in the effective state zinc. Activated phosphate ore can reduce the concentration of lead and zinc in Rice by 40% and 27%, and the yield of rice by activated phosphorus mineral powder is 604 kg/ha compared with the control, and the yield increase is 7%. In summary, the passivation of activated phosphorite powder applied to soil can promote the lead, and not the passivation effect of activated phosphorite powder significantly; phosphate rock and rotten straw mixed fertilizer can significantly improve the passivation effect, while raw straw mixed fertilizer had no obvious effect; application of passivator after waterlogging treatment can significantly improve the passivation effect. This paper analyzes the effect of different materials on the passivation passivation of lead in different conditions, and the experiment is discussed deeply, provide some theoretical basis for soil lead pollution governance, but for the interaction between different materials, and the interaction of different conditions and mechanism of lead, still need further study.
【學位授予單位】：華中農(nóng)業(yè)大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X53

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