本文關(guān)鍵詞：車內(nèi)及室內(nèi)環(huán)境中材料污染物的散發(fā)傳質(zhì)特性研究　出處：《北京理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 車內(nèi)環(huán)境 揮發(fā)性有機(jī)物 關(guān)鍵參數(shù) 散發(fā) 傳質(zhì) 環(huán)境因素 準(zhǔn)穩(wěn)態(tài)濃度

【摘要】：進(jìn)入新世紀(jì)以來,我國(guó)的汽車業(yè)和建筑業(yè)蓬勃發(fā)展,在方便人們?nèi)粘Ｉ畹耐瑫r(shí),也造成了嚴(yán)重的空氣污染問題。車內(nèi)和室內(nèi)材料散發(fā)的揮發(fā)性有機(jī)物(Volatile organic compounds,簡(jiǎn)稱VOC)是造成空氣品質(zhì)低劣的主要原因之一。研究表明,材料VOC的散發(fā)特性由三個(gè)關(guān)鍵參數(shù)表征:初始可散發(fā)濃度C0,擴(kuò)散系數(shù)Dm和分配系數(shù)K。測(cè)定上述散發(fā)關(guān)鍵參數(shù)是預(yù)測(cè)污染物散發(fā)和評(píng)估健康風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的基礎(chǔ)。目前,散發(fā)關(guān)鍵參數(shù)的測(cè)定缺乏快速有效的方法,而且溫度、相對(duì)濕度等環(huán)境因素對(duì)上述參數(shù)的影響規(guī)律尚不明確,難以對(duì)VOC的散發(fā)特性進(jìn)行有效預(yù)測(cè)和控制。本文針對(duì)上述問題開展了研究,主要學(xué)術(shù)貢獻(xiàn)如下:首先,建立了直流艙中材料VOC散發(fā)傳質(zhì)的新模型并提出了同時(shí)測(cè)定C0和Dm的濃度軌跡法。該方法先預(yù)設(shè)一個(gè)K值,再對(duì)艙內(nèi)VOC濃度做線性擬合,即可根據(jù)斜率和截距獲得關(guān)鍵參數(shù)C0和Dm。實(shí)驗(yàn)測(cè)定了一種典型車內(nèi)材料中7種VOC的散發(fā)關(guān)鍵參數(shù)值,測(cè)試結(jié)果表明該方法具有較高的精度。其次,研究了環(huán)境因素(溫度、相對(duì)濕度)對(duì)材料VOC散發(fā)特性的影響規(guī)律。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,對(duì)于測(cè)試的7種VOC,C0和Dm的值隨溫度的升高而增大,當(dāng)溫度由35℃升高到50℃時(shí),苯的C0和Dm分別增大41.9%和26.4%。而相對(duì)濕度對(duì)VOC散發(fā)關(guān)鍵參數(shù)的影響則有所不同,當(dāng)相對(duì)濕度由50%增大到80%時(shí),C0的值隨之增大,但Dm的值有所減小。最后,推導(dǎo)了車內(nèi)準(zhǔn)穩(wěn)態(tài)VOC濃度C與溫度T和通風(fēng)量Q之間的理論關(guān)系式。結(jié)果顯示,當(dāng)Q保持不變時(shí),C/T0.75的對(duì)數(shù)與T的倒數(shù)呈線性關(guān)系;而當(dāng)T保持不變時(shí),C/T0.75的對(duì)數(shù)與Q的對(duì)數(shù)呈線性關(guān)系。利用文獻(xiàn)中的數(shù)據(jù),很好地驗(yàn)證了關(guān)系式的正確性。一旦關(guān)系式中的相關(guān)參數(shù)得以確定,就可以據(jù)此預(yù)測(cè)給定溫度或通風(fēng)量條件下的準(zhǔn)穩(wěn)態(tài)濃度值。
[Abstract]:Since the new century, the automobile industry and construction industry in our country have developed vigorously. At the same time, the problem of air pollution is also caused by the convenience of people's daily life. Volatile organic compounds (VOC) is one of the main reasons for the poor quality of air in the vehicle and indoor materials. The study shows that the emission characteristics of the material VOC are characterized by three key parameters: initial emanable concentration C0, diffusion coefficient Dm and distribution coefficient K. The determination of the key parameters of the emission is the basis for predicting the emission of pollutants and assessing health risks. At present, there is no quick and effective method to determine the key parameters. Moreover, the influence of temperature and relative humidity on the above parameters is not clear. It is difficult to predict and control the emission characteristics of VOC effectively. This paper studies the above problems. The main academic contributions are as follows: first, a new mass transfer model for material VOC in DC cabin is established, and a concentration trajectory method for simultaneous determination of C0 and Dm is proposed. The method first presupposes a K value, and then makes linear fitting of the VOC concentration in the cabin, the key parameters C0 and Dm can be obtained according to the slope and intercept. The emission key parameters of 7 kinds of VOC in a typical internal material are measured. The test results show that the method has high accuracy. Secondly, the influence of environmental factors (temperature and relative humidity) on the emission characteristics of the material VOC was studied. The experimental results show that for the tested 7 kinds of VOC, the values of C0 and Dm increase with the increase of temperature. When the temperature rises from 35 to 50, the C0 and Dm of benzene increase by 41.9% and 26.4%, respectively. The relative humidity has a different effect on the key parameters of VOC emission. When the relative humidity increases from 50% to 80%, the value of C0 increases, but the value of Dm decreases. Finally, the theoretical relationship between the quasi steady state VOC concentration C in the vehicle and the temperature T and the ventilation amount Q is derived. The results show that when the Q remains the same, the logarithm of C/T0.75 is linear with the reciprocal of T, while the logarithm of C/T0.75 is linear with the logarithm of Q when the T remains the same. Using the data in the literature, the correctness of the relationship is verified well. Once the relative parameters in the relationship are determined, the quasi steady state concentration of the given temperature or ventilation can be predicted.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X51

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本文編號(hào)：1342479