本文關(guān)鍵詞：鎘芘單一和復(fù)合污染對龍葵土壤微生物和土壤酶的影響　出處：《西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 鎘 芘 復(fù)合污染土壤 酶活性 微生物數(shù)量

【摘要】：污水灌溉是我國最重要的廢水利用方式之一,但由于不合理的污灌所導(dǎo)致的土壤重金屬、PAHs污染已成為我國目前面臨的主要環(huán)境問題之一,給生態(tài)系統(tǒng)造成了嚴(yán)重的危害,因此,開展對污灌區(qū)重金屬和PAHs污染土壤的研究顯得至關(guān)重要,本文通過模擬陜西省咸陽市污灌區(qū)農(nóng)田土壤進(jìn)行研究,以鎘(Cd)作為重金屬的代表物和芘(pyrene)作為PAHs代表物,對單一和復(fù)合污染的土壤蔗糖酶、土壤脲酶、土壤堿性磷酸酶的酶活性和土壤細(xì)菌、真菌、放線菌的數(shù)量進(jìn)行探究,旨在為污灌區(qū)污染土壤對微生態(tài)環(huán)境的影響以及環(huán)境質(zhì)量評價提供有益的參考。試驗研究結(jié)果表明:(1)土壤重金屬Cd對土壤酶活性的影響,在五次采樣試驗過程中,對土壤蔗糖酶和土壤堿性磷酸酶均起到激活作用;除第40天對土壤脲酶是抑制作用外,其他時間各處理對土壤脲酶均起到激活作用。(2)土壤有機(jī)污染物芘對土壤酶活性的影響,在五次采樣試驗中,對土壤堿性磷酸酶起到激活作用;對于土壤脲酶,0-40天,除中等濃度(50mg·kg-1)是激活作用外,其他處理均起到抑制作用,而40-80天,則起到激活作用;對于土壤蔗糖酶,中等濃度(50mg·kg-1)在第40天、低和高濃度(10mg·kg-1和250mg·kg-1)在第80天時激活作用外,其他則起到抑制作用。(3)Cd、芘復(fù)合污染對土壤酶活性的影響,在五次采樣試驗中,除低濃度(Cd1mg·kg-1+芘10mg·kg-1)對土壤堿性磷酸酶是抑制作用外,其他均表現(xiàn)出激活作用;對于土壤脲酶,0-40天表現(xiàn)出抑制作用,而40-80天表現(xiàn)出激活作用;對于土壤蔗糖酶,低濃度在第40、80天,中等濃度(Cd5mg·kg-1+芘50mg·kg-1)在第40天,高濃度(Cd25mg·kg-1+芘250mg·kg-1)在第80天是激活作用外,其他均表現(xiàn)出抑制作用。(4)Cd、芘單一污染對細(xì)菌的最小抑制率均出現(xiàn)在第40天,而復(fù)合污染則出現(xiàn)在第80天;對真菌和放線菌的最小抑制率均出現(xiàn)在第40天;第80天只有土壤真菌的抑制率全部在50%以上,而土壤中放線菌和細(xì)菌數(shù)量基本恢復(fù)到接近對照水平并保持穩(wěn)定,由此可見放線菌、細(xì)菌在污染環(huán)境中易形成耐性菌種。
[Abstract]:Sewage irrigation is one of China's most important water use, but because of the unreasonable irrigation caused by soil heavy metals, PAHs pollution has become one of the main environmental problems faced by our country, the ecosystem caused serious harm, therefore, to carry out research on heavy metals and PAHs contaminated soil is crucial in this paper, through the study of soil irrigated farmland in Xianyang city of Shaanxi province in the simulation, cadmium (Cd) is a representative of pyrene and heavy metals (pyrene) as the representative of PAHs, the single and compound pollution of soil invertase, urease, alkaline phosphatase activity and soil bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes the number of inquiry, to influence of sewage irrigation area soil on micro ecological environment and environmental quality assessment to provide a useful reference. The test results show that: (1) effects of heavy metal Cd in soil on soil enzyme activities, in five samples during the experiment, the soil invertase and alkaline phosphatase play activation; in addition to the fortieth days of soil urease inhibition, other time of different treatments on soil urease play activation. (2) effects of soil pyrene on soil enzyme activities, in the five sampling test, activation to the soil alkaline phosphatase; for soil urease, 0-40 days, in addition to medium concentration (50mg - kg-1) is activated, other treatments had inhibitory effect, and is 40-80 days. To activate; for soil invertase, medium concentration (50mg - kg-1) on the fortieth day, the low and high concentration (10mg - kg-1 and 250mg - kg-1) activation in eightieth days, the other is to restrain. (3) effects of Cd and pyrene combined pollution on soil enzyme activities, in five sampling tests, in addition to low concentration (Cd1mg - kg-1+ pyrene 10mg - kg-1) on soil alkaline phosphatase is inhibited, the other showed activation; for soil urease, 0-40 days inhibited, and 40-80 days show activation; for soil invertase, low concentration in fortieth, eightieth days, the medium concentration (Cd5mg - kg-1+ 50mg - kg-1 pyrene) in fortieth days, high concentration (Cd25mg - kg-1+ 250mg - kg-1 pyrene) in eightieth days is activated, the other showed inhibitory effect. (4) Cd and pyrene single pollution on bacterial minimum inhibitory rates in fortieth days, and the combined pollution appeared in eightieth days; the minimum inhibition of fungi and actinomycetes were appeared in fortieth days; eightieth days only inhibition of soil fungi was all above 50%, and the number of lines placed in soil bacteria and bacteria recovered to near control levels and maintain stability, thus actinomycetes, bacteria in polluted environment is easy to form tolerance strains.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西北農(nóng)林科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X53

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