發(fā)布時(shí)間：2017-12-27 10:45

  本文關(guān)鍵詞：5.12地震重災(zāi)區(qū)災(zāi)后生態(tài)功能恢復(fù)效應(yīng)評(píng)價(jià)　出處：《西南交通大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類(lèi)型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 5·12地震 受損生態(tài)恢復(fù) 水源涵養(yǎng)功能 水土保持功能 生物多樣性

【摘要】：2008年5月12日,我國(guó)四川省汶川區(qū)域發(fā)生了里氏8.0級(jí)特大地震。此次地震不僅對(duì)災(zāi)區(qū)居民的人身安全、社會(huì)生活產(chǎn)生了巨大影響,震區(qū)山地生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的結(jié)構(gòu)、生態(tài)系統(tǒng)功能也受到重度破壞。地震產(chǎn)生了大量的地質(zhì)災(zāi)害易發(fā)點(diǎn),山體滑坡、土壤崩塌、泥石流等災(zāi)害頻發(fā),對(duì)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)威脅巨大。地震破壞區(qū)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的總體恢復(fù)程度,區(qū)域的恢復(fù)效果,重點(diǎn)恢復(fù)區(qū)域的劃定是震后生態(tài)恢復(fù)工作中的重要信息。進(jìn)行地震重災(zāi)區(qū)災(zāi)后生態(tài)功能恢復(fù)效應(yīng)評(píng)價(jià)工作,明確地震對(duì)生態(tài)環(huán)境的影響和生態(tài)系統(tǒng)功能的恢復(fù)情況,對(duì)于科學(xué)管理災(zāi)區(qū)生態(tài)環(huán)境,制定中長(zhǎng)期生態(tài)恢復(fù)規(guī)劃具有極其重要的現(xiàn)實(shí)意義和科學(xué)價(jià)值。本研究結(jié)合5·12地震重災(zāi)區(qū)生態(tài)功能特點(diǎn)和遙感解譯技術(shù),首先建立生態(tài)系統(tǒng)服務(wù)功能恢復(fù)效應(yīng)評(píng)估指標(biāo)體系,從水土保持、水源涵養(yǎng)和生物多樣性三個(gè)方面對(duì)地震重災(zāi)區(qū)十個(gè)縣市災(zāi)后生態(tài)功能恢復(fù)效應(yīng)進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)。結(jié)果表明,震后五年地震受損地區(qū)的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)整體有所恢復(fù),但均未達(dá)到震前水平。地震顯著改變了各縣市的水土保持功能,震后五年十個(gè)縣市水土保持功能均有所提高,青川、平武局部區(qū)域改善明顯,安縣、彭州、茂縣、都江堰局部區(qū)域仍有惡化趨勢(shì)。各縣市除安縣、彭州外,水源涵養(yǎng)能力總體均有所恢復(fù),北川、茂縣局部呈下降趨勢(shì)。震后五年來(lái),除安縣、北川外其余各縣市生物多樣性維持功能均有所恢復(fù)。同時(shí),本研究對(duì)地震重災(zāi)區(qū)十個(gè)縣市災(zāi)后受損體植被土壤進(jìn)行定點(diǎn)采樣,進(jìn)行受損體植被土壤恢復(fù)評(píng)價(jià)。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,從2011到2013年,地處龍門(mén)山南坡的彭州、什邡、都江堰、綿竹、安縣、北川受損體土壤營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)有所恢復(fù)。地處干旱河谷地帶的汶川、茂縣滑坡地帶,土壤營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)沒(méi)有恢復(fù),土壤肥力有所下降。最后,本研究基于災(zāi)區(qū)生態(tài)恢復(fù)現(xiàn)狀,提出在今后地震生態(tài)恢復(fù)規(guī)劃中,采用自然恢復(fù)與人工干預(yù)相結(jié)合的方法,兼顧自然與社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)的和諧,對(duì)本次地震造成破壞的生態(tài)區(qū)域,統(tǒng)籌規(guī)劃、著眼全局、逐步推進(jìn)。依據(jù)地震極重災(zāi)區(qū)生態(tài)脆弱性分區(qū),因地制宜,實(shí)施相應(yīng)的生態(tài)恢復(fù)對(duì)策。
[Abstract]:In May 12, 2008, the 8 magnitude earthquake of the Richter scale occurred in the Wenchuan region of Sichuan province. The earthquake not only has a great impact on the personal safety and social life of the residents in the disaster area, but also has serious damage to the structure and ecosystem function of the mountain ecosystem. The earthquake produced a large number of geological disaster prone points, landslides, soil collapse, debris flow and other disasters, the threat to the ecosystem is huge. The overall restoration degree of the ecosystem in the earthquake damage area, the recovery effect of the region and the delimit of the key restoration areas are important information in the recovery work after the earthquake. Are the hardest hit by the earthquake disaster recovery of the ecological function effect evaluation, clear seismic effects on the ecological environment and ecosystem function restoration, the scientific management of the ecological environment in the affected area, the development of long-term ecological restoration planning has extremely important practical significance and scientific value. On the basis of the 5 - 12 earthquake disaster area ecological function and characteristics of remote sensing technology, the first to establish the ecosystem service function effect evaluation index system of recovery from water and soil conservation, water conservation and biodiversity in the three aspects of the earthquake disaster area ten counties disaster ecological function recovery effect evaluation. The results show that the whole ecosystem of the damaged area after the earthquake of five years after the earthquake has recovered, but all did not reach the level before the earthquake. The earthquake significantly changed the function of soil and water conservation in counties and cities. In the five years after the earthquake, the functions of soil and water conservation in ten counties have been improved. The improvement of local areas in Qingchuan and Pingwu is obvious, and there are still worsening trends in some areas of county, Pengzhou, Maoxian and Dujiangyan. In addition to the county and Pengzhou, the water conservation ability of all counties and cities has been restored, and the local trend of Beichuan and Maoxian is declining. In the five years after the earthquake, the biological diversity maintenance functions of the other counties and cities except the county and Beichuan have been restored. At the same time, the vegetation soil of the damaged body was sampled at ten counties and cities in the earthquake heavy disaster area, and the restoration of the damaged vegetation soil was evaluated. The experimental results show that from 2011 to 2013, is located on the south slope of Longmen mountain in Pengzhou, Shifang, Dujiangyan, Mianzhu, Beichuan County, soil nutrients damage has been restored. In the landslides of Wenchuan and Maoxian in the arid valley area, the soil nutrients were not restored and the soil fertility declined. Finally, based on the present situation of ecological restoration area, put forward in the future earthquake ecological restoration planning method, combined with the manual intervention by natural recovery, both natural and social and economic harmony, regional ecological damage to the earthquake, overall planning, and gradually promote the global eye. On the basis of earthquake ecological vulnerability, according to local conditions, the implementation of corresponding countermeasures for ecological restoration.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南交通大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類(lèi)號(hào)】：X171.4;P315.9

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