本文關(guān)鍵詞：南流江流域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康評價　出處：《廣西師范學(xué)院》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 南流江流域 生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康 土地利用 地理信息系統(tǒng) 遙感

【摘要】：隨著我國人口不斷增加和社會經(jīng)濟(jì)的飛速發(fā)展,人類大規(guī)模開發(fā)利用自然資源的力度和強(qiáng)度已經(jīng)超過了生態(tài)的承載力,導(dǎo)致全球及區(qū)域生態(tài)環(huán)境發(fā)生了劇烈的變化,出現(xiàn)了全球變暖、水污染、重金屬污染、生物多樣性喪失等一系列生態(tài)環(huán)境問題,這已成為阻礙人類社會社會可持續(xù)發(fā)展重要因素。因此,保護(hù)和修復(fù)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)環(huán)境健康成為社會研究的熱點問題。本文運用選用壓力-狀態(tài)-響應(yīng)(PSR)模型,選取人口密度、人口干擾指數(shù)、土地墾殖率、植被覆蓋度、多樣性指數(shù)、生態(tài)彈性度指數(shù)、植被凈初級生產(chǎn)力、森林覆蓋率等14個指標(biāo),采用相對評價法,并結(jié)合RS和GIS對南流江流域78個鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)進(jìn)行單因子和綜合因子的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康評價并分析其原因,研究結(jié)論如下:(1)單因子評價中,人口干擾指數(shù)一級單元主要分布在流域六萬大山山地丘陵地帶,人類干擾較弱;人類活動干擾最劇烈的為合浦縣沿海鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)及玉州區(qū)、北流鎮(zhèn)一帶鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn),均為五級水平;流域下游沿海鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)、玉州區(qū)及附近鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)生態(tài)彈性度較差,普遍位于四級及四級以下水平,生態(tài)恢復(fù)能力較差。其中,黨江鎮(zhèn)是流域唯一處于五級水平的鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)單元;合浦縣、玉州區(qū)土壤侵蝕敏感性指數(shù)較低,普遍位于三級以上。而六萬大山及云開大山地帶土壤最易發(fā)生侵蝕,主要受流域地形坡度的空間差異性影響。(2)綜合因子評價中,壓力綜合指標(biāo)中流域整體呈現(xiàn)上游玉州區(qū)與下游沿海鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)生態(tài)壓力狀況較差,中游各鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)較好的特征;狀態(tài)綜合指標(biāo)呈現(xiàn)出空間總體上分散,局部集聚特點。具體為玉州區(qū)和合浦縣分散,博白集聚;流域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)響應(yīng)狀況空間分布上更加分散,集聚效應(yīng)較差。(3)流域生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康綜合狀況呈現(xiàn)出中游及下游較好,上游及沿海地區(qū)較差的特點。具體即博白縣、靈山縣、合浦縣北部各鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)較玉州區(qū)、合浦縣沿海各鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)健康狀況好。玉州區(qū)與合浦縣生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康綜合狀況具有空間相似性,但致變因素卻有著差異性。一級鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)有18個,占流域全部鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)單元的23.1%,主要分布在博白縣南部、浦北縣、靈山及玉州轄區(qū)南部;二級鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)有28個,占35.9%,主要分布在玉州區(qū)南部、博白縣多數(shù)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)、合浦縣北部及浦北縣個別鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn);三級鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)有19個,占24.4%,主要分布在玉州區(qū)北、陸川縣及浦北縣個別地區(qū);四級鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)有10個,占12.8%,主要分布在玉州區(qū)中部及合浦縣南部;五級鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)有3個,占3.8%,包括北流鎮(zhèn)、沙崗鎮(zhèn)與黨江鎮(zhèn)。(4)通過對研究區(qū)生態(tài)系統(tǒng)評價,結(jié)果表明生態(tài)系統(tǒng)健康的狀況主要與當(dāng)?shù)氐牡匦蔚孛病⑸鐣?jīng)濟(jì)結(jié)構(gòu)及發(fā)展?fàn)顩r、環(huán)保投入、土地利用方式等有密切的關(guān)系。因此要提高環(huán)保意識、制定生態(tài)環(huán)保措施、規(guī)范人類社會活動等。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of China's growing population and social economy, the large-scale exploitation and utilization of natural resources, the strength and intensity has exceeded the ecological carrying capacity, resulting in dramatic changes in the global and regional ecological environment, the global warming, water pollution, heavy metal pollution, loss of biodiversity and a series of ecological environment the problem, which has become an important factor to hinder the sustainable development of human society. Therefore, the protection and restoration of the environmental health of the ecosystem has become a hot issue in the social research. This paper uses the pressure state response (PSR) model, including population density, population disturbance index, land reclamation rate, vegetation coverage, diversity index, ecological resilience index, vegetation net primary productivity, the forest coverage rate of 14 indicators, the relative evaluation method, and the combination of ecosystem health assessment in South flow river basin 78 towns were single factor and comprehensive factor of RS and GIS and analysis of its causes, the research conclusions are as follows: (1) the single factor evaluation, population interference index level unit is mainly distributed in the basin sixty thousand mountains and hilly regions, human disturbance is weak; the most intense disturbance of human activities for the Hepu County coastal North Town and Township Township, Yuzhou District area, are five level; river downstream coastal towns, Yuzhou District and township near the ecological flexibility is poor, generally in the four level and four level below the level, ecological restoration Poor ability. Among them, the party is the only Town township units of the basin is at the five level; Hepu County, Yuzhou District soil erosion sensitivity index is relatively low, generally in grade three. While the sixty thousand mountains and Yunkaidashan areas most prone to soil erosion, mainly affected by the spatial difference of valley terrain slope. (2) the comprehensive factor evaluation, comprehensive index of pressure in whole watershed upstream and downstream coastal towns, Yuzhou District, the ecological pressure in poor condition, good characteristics of the township middle reaches; comprehensive index showing a scattered state space on the whole, the local agglomeration characteristics. The Yuzhou District and Hepu County of Bobai agglomeration; dispersion condition of the spatial distribution of more scattered response of watershed ecosystem, agglomeration effect is poor. (3) the comprehensive health status of the ecological system in the basin showed the better characteristics of the middle reaches and the lower reaches, and the poorer upstream and coastal areas. The Bobai County, Lingshan County, Hepu County, north of the township is Yuzhou District and Hepu County coastal towns good health. Yuzhou District and ecological system of Hepu County comprehensive health status with spatial similarity, but have different variable factors. A township has 18, accounting for 23.1% of all Township watershed unit, mainly distributed in the south of Bobai, Pubei County, Lingshan county and southern Yuzhou area two; township has 28, accounting for 35.9%, mainly distributed in most southern Yuzhou District, Bobai County Township, north of Hepu county and Pubei county individual towns grade three; township has 19, accounting for 24.4%, mainly distributed in Yuzhou District, North Lu Chuan county and Pubei County in some areas; four and 10, accounting for 12.8%, mainly distributed in Yuzhou District in central and southern Hepu County; grade five and 3, accounting for 3.8%, including Beiliu Town, Sha Gang the town and the town party. (4) through the evaluation of ecosystem in the study area, the results show that the health status of the ecosystem is closely related to the local topography, social and economic structure and development, environmental protection input and land use pattern. Therefore, we should improve the awareness of environmental protection, establish ecological environmental protection measures, and standardize human social activities.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：廣西師范學(xué)院
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X826

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