本文關(guān)鍵詞：海南昌化鉛鋅礦廢棄地及其周邊土壤重金屬統(tǒng)計(jì)分析與污染評(píng)價(jià)　出處：《海南師范大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 鉛鋅礦廢棄地 重金屬 統(tǒng)計(jì)分析 污染評(píng)價(jià)

【摘要】：鉛鋅礦產(chǎn)作為人類工業(yè)活動(dòng)必不可少的自然礦產(chǎn)資源,對(duì)我國的經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展有著十分重要的作用。但是,由于我國長期忽略鉛鋅礦產(chǎn)資源開發(fā)過程中對(duì)環(huán)境造成的污染,因而造成了嚴(yán)重的鉛鋅礦尾礦污染問題。本文在基于前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上,旨在對(duì)昌化鉛鋅礦廢棄地及其周邊土壤的重金屬污染治理提供必要的理論依據(jù)。通過對(duì)海南昌化鉛鋅礦廢棄地及其周邊土壤進(jìn)行野外調(diào)查,并采集56份土壤樣品,對(duì)廢棄地土壤中重金屬含量進(jìn)行測(cè)定,利用統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法對(duì)研究區(qū)重金屬含量進(jìn)行分析,揭示研究區(qū)內(nèi)重金屬污染的統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)規(guī)律;運(yùn)用單因子污染指數(shù)法、內(nèi)梅羅綜合污染指數(shù)法、地累積指數(shù)法以及潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)指數(shù)法對(duì)海南昌化鉛鋅礦廢棄地及其周邊土壤的環(huán)境質(zhì)量狀況進(jìn)行合理的分析評(píng)價(jià)。得出以下主要結(jié)論:(1)海南昌化鉛鋅礦廢棄地及其周邊土壤中重金屬元素Cr的變異系數(shù)最低,為52.76%,變異系數(shù)均相對(duì)較小,這表明重金屬元素Cr分布相對(duì)比較均勻,離散程度較低;而Cu、Cd、Pb的離散程度很高,分布很不均勻;Ni、Zn和As離散程度最高,分布最為不均勻。重金屬元素Cu、Zn、Cd、Pb平均值的含量都相當(dāng)高。分別是海南省土壤背景值的35.57、52.66、363.40、144.25倍,其中含量倍數(shù)CdPbZnCu;Ni的平均含量略高于海南土壤背景值,Cr和As的平均含量均明顯低于海南省土壤背景值,但其最大值均超過了海南土壤背景值。(2)重金屬元素Cu-Pb和Zn-Cd呈高度相關(guān)性,其相關(guān)系數(shù)在0.9以上,來自同一污染源的可能性非常大,源自于鉛鋅礦產(chǎn)資源的開發(fā)所致。Cr、As與各個(gè)重金屬元素的相關(guān)性均不高,但Cr與As則有一定的相關(guān)性;主成分分析表明三個(gè)成分中的載荷最高的重金屬元素相互之間都呈現(xiàn)出了高度的相關(guān)性,可見他們的污染造成都是來自相同因素。聚類分析表明,Zn-Cd為一類,Pb-Cu為一類,而Ni-As-Cr也為一類。(3)重金屬元素含量半變異函數(shù)模型擬合表明,As、Cr的半方差函數(shù)為球狀模型,而重金屬元素Cu、Ni、Pb以及Zn的半方差函數(shù)模型為高斯模型,僅重金屬元素Cd的半方差函數(shù)模型為指數(shù)模型。研究區(qū)域內(nèi)重金屬均表現(xiàn)出強(qiáng)烈的空間相關(guān)性,空間變異絕大部分是由成土母質(zhì)、氣候、地形等結(jié)構(gòu)性因素引起。重金屬元素As含量較高的地區(qū)為復(fù)墾區(qū)和尾礦區(qū);Cd與Zn的最高值集中于三個(gè)位置,分別為尾礦區(qū)東部、服務(wù)區(qū)和河流轉(zhuǎn)彎處;Pb和Cu含量最高的區(qū)域集中于橋梁兩側(cè)、服務(wù)區(qū)、居民點(diǎn)周圍、尾礦區(qū)東部并延伸至整個(gè)西北部大片區(qū)域和復(fù)墾區(qū)中西部;重金屬元素Cr主要分布于尾礦區(qū)的西北部、廢石場(chǎng)的周邊、服務(wù)區(qū)的周邊以及西南部的河流尾段,Ni則在研究區(qū)域中呈零散分布狀態(tài),且同時(shí)這兩種重金屬元素的含量均低于國家土壤質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)三級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。(4)單因子污染指數(shù)評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果表明,依據(jù)國家土壤質(zhì)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)三級(jí)標(biāo)準(zhǔn),重金屬元素Cd在研究區(qū)域內(nèi)幾乎全部為嚴(yán)重污染級(jí)別,Cu污染較輕,僅在橋梁周圍以及沿道路向南部存在輕度污染。重金屬元素Pb與Zn在研究區(qū)域的東北部均為清潔區(qū)域,Pb嚴(yán)重程度的污染區(qū)域?yàn)楸辈课驳V區(qū)、復(fù)墾區(qū)周邊并向西北部延伸的區(qū)域,重金屬Zn嚴(yán)重級(jí)別的污染主要集中在服務(wù)區(qū)、橋梁及其左側(cè)、尾礦區(qū)東部、復(fù)墾區(qū)北部以及河流轉(zhuǎn)彎處并向西北延伸;內(nèi)梅羅綜合污染評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果表明,重金屬元素Cu的內(nèi)梅羅綜合污染指數(shù)為1.48,屬于輕度污染級(jí)別,而Zn、Cd及Pb的內(nèi)梅羅綜合污染指數(shù)分別為16.69、61.46及23.33,均為重度污染級(jí)別;地累積指數(shù)污染評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果表明,Cd污染程度最為嚴(yán)重,為極嚴(yán)重污染的級(jí)別,其次為Pb,基本全部處于極嚴(yán)重污染級(jí)別,重金屬元素Cu與Zn對(duì)于研究區(qū)域的污染相對(duì)較輕;7種重金屬潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)程度依次為CdPbZnCuAsNiCr,其中,重金屬Cd的潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)指數(shù)值為363.370,污染程度達(dá)到嚴(yán)重等級(jí),重金屬Pb的潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)指數(shù)為123.317,屬于較重的污染風(fēng)險(xiǎn)程度,其他元素潛在風(fēng)險(xiǎn)指數(shù)均低于40,屬輕微污染風(fēng)險(xiǎn)程度,綜合潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)指數(shù)達(dá)到了514.596,屬重度污染程度,對(duì)于當(dāng)?shù)厣鷳B(tài)危害很高。其中Cd的貢獻(xiàn)率最大,達(dá)到了70.62%。
[Abstract]:As an essential natural mineral resource in human industrial activities, lead and zinc minerals play an important role in the economic development of our country. However, due to the long-term neglect of the environmental pollution caused by the development of lead-zinc mineral resources in China, the serious pollution of lead and zinc mine tailings is caused. On the basis of previous studies, this paper aims to provide the necessary theoretical basis for the treatment of heavy metal pollution in the waste land of Changhua lead zinc mine and its surrounding soil. Through the field investigation of Hainan Changhua lead-zinc mine waste and the surrounding soil, and collected 56 soil samples of the waste, heavy metal content of soils were determined, the heavy metal content of the study area were analyzed by using statistical methods, statistical law reveals the study of heavy metal pollution in the region; use of environmental quality, the method of single factor pollution index Nemerow index, geoaccumulation index and potential ecological risk index of Hainan Changhua lead-zinc mine waste and the surrounding soil to analyze and evaluate the reasonable. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) Hainan Changhua lead-zinc mine waste and heavy metals in the soil around the Cr coefficient of variation was 52.76%, the lowest, the coefficient of variation was relatively small, which indicates that the distribution of Cr heavy metals is relatively uniform, the discrete degree is relatively low; and the dispersion degree of Cu, Cd, Pb is very high, distribution is not uniform; Ni, Zn and As dispersion degree is the highest, the most uneven distribution. The content of Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb of heavy metals is quite high. Are the soil background value of Hainan province 35.57, 52.66, 363.40, 144.25 times, the content ratio of CdPbZnCu; the average content of Ni was slightly higher than the background values of Hainan, the average content of Cr and As were significantly lower than the soil background values of Hainan Province, but the biggest value was more than the Hainan soil background value. (2) heavy metals Cu-Pb and Zn-Cd are highly correlated, and their correlation coefficients are over 0.9. The possibility of coming from the same source is very large, which is due to the development of lead-zinc mineral resources. The correlation between Cr, As and various heavy metal elements were not high, but Cr and As have a certain correlation; principal component analysis showed that the three components in the highest load of heavy metal elements between each other are showing a high degree of correlation, showing their pollution are from the same factors. Cluster analysis shows that Zn-Cd is a class, Pb-Cu is a class, and Ni-As-Cr is also a class. (3) the semi variogram model of heavy metal content showed that the semi variance function of As and Cr was spherical model, while the semi variogram model of heavy metals Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn was Gauss's model. Only the semivariogram model of heavy metal Cd was exponential model. Heavy metals in the study area showed strong spatial correlation, and most of the spatial variability was caused by structural factors such as soil matrix, climate and terrain. Heavy metal elements in regions with higher As content for the reclamation area and tailing area; the highest value of Cd and Zn in the three position, respectively, the eastern tailing area service area and river bend area; Pb and Cu were the highest on both sides of the bridge, service area, residents around the point, and extends to the Eastern District of tailings the whole northwest large area and reclamation area; heavy metal element Cr mainly distributed in the northwest of tailings and waste rock field, surrounding the service area and the surrounding rivers of southwest end of Ni in the study area showed a scattered distribution, and at the same time, the content of two kinds of heavy metals were lower than the national standard soil quality standard level three. (4) single factor pollution index evaluation results show that according to the national soil quality standard three level standard, the heavy metal Cd in the study area is almost all serious pollution level, Cu pollution is lighter, there is slight pollution only around the bridge and along the road to the south. The heavy metals of Pb and Zn in the research area of the Northeast are clean area, the contaminated area of the severity of Pb for the northern region, the tailings reclamation area surrounding and extending to the northwest region, serious level of heavy metal Zn pollution is mainly concentrated in the service area, bridge and left, Eastern, Northern District tailings reclamation area and river bend and extending to the northwest; comprehensive pollution evaluation results show that Nemero Nemero, the comprehensive pollution index of heavy metals of Cu is 1.48, belonging to slight pollution level, while Zn, Cd and Pb of the Nemero pollution index were 16.69, 61.46 and 23.33 were severe pollution levels; cumulative pollution index evaluation results showed that the pollution of Cd the extent of the most serious, very serious pollution level, followed by Pb, all at a very basic level of serious pollution, heavy metals of Cu and Zn in the study of regional pollution is relatively light; 7 Heavy metal potential ecological risk degree is in the order of CdPbZnCuAsNiCr, the potential ecological risk index of heavy metals in the value of Cd is 363.370, the degree of pollution reached a serious level, the potential ecological risk index of heavy metals of Pb is 123.317, belongs to the risk of contamination degree of heavy elements, other potential risk index were lower than 40, a slight pollution risk degree, comprehensive the potential ecological risk index reached 514.596, the degree of pollution is severe, for the local ecological risk is high. Among them, the contribution rate of Cd was the largest, reaching 70.62%.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：海南師范大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：X753;X825;X53

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本文編號(hào)：1339038