本文關(guān)鍵詞：不同改良劑對石灰性土壤鎘污染的修復(fù)效應(yīng)　出處：《石河子大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

  更多相關(guān)文章： 有機肥 油菜 小白菜 改良劑 鎘含量

【摘要】：【研究目的】我國農(nóng)業(yè)土壤重金屬污染十分嚴(yán)重,在所有重金屬中,鎘是毒性最高的元素之一。近年來,修復(fù)鎘污染土壤已成為我國農(nóng)業(yè)可持續(xù)發(fā)展亟待解決的問題。改良劑一般通過吸附、離子交換、表面沉淀、絡(luò)合、氧化還原等機理作用于土壤中的重金屬,其成本低廉、安全性高,是目前研究最多的一項經(jīng)濟、高效的治理技術(shù)。因此,研究改良劑對土壤中鎘的轉(zhuǎn)化、積累以及植物對鎘吸收的影響,能夠為農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)中合理改良鎘污染土壤提供參考�！狙芯糠椒ā勘狙芯坎捎门柙栽囼�,以小白菜和油菜為試驗材料,研究在我國西北地區(qū)石灰性土壤中不同改良劑對土壤中鎘的含量、形態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)化以及小白菜和油菜對鎘的吸收與積累的影響。本試驗分為兩部分進行:第一部分為預(yù)試驗,研究有機肥對小白菜、油菜鎘吸收量的影響。第二部分為試驗部分,采用盆栽試驗,分別在正常土壤(A)、低鎘含量土壤(B)、高鎘含量土壤(C)3種土壤上種植小白菜和油菜,以雞糞、腐殖酸、生物碳和海泡石4種改良劑分別以不同含量施入各土壤,研究4種改良劑及其用量對小白菜和油菜生物量、鎘吸收量及土壤鎘含量與形態(tài)轉(zhuǎn)化的影響�！局饕Y(jié)果】預(yù)試驗主要結(jié)果:(1)施用較高含量的有機肥均可顯著提高小白菜和油菜的生物量。土壤中一定的鎘含量可以促進小白菜地上部的生物量。(2)添加有機肥對污染土壤中小白菜和油菜鎘的吸收量有顯著影響,且有機肥對油菜的作用大于小白菜。小白菜在各土壤上對鎘均有超富集作用。試驗主要研究結(jié)果:(1)在正常土壤上,改良劑對油菜和小白菜地上部分生物量的影響基本一致,施用高含量的雞糞處理均顯著增加了小白菜和油菜的生物量。在土壤鎘含量為1.5 mg·kg-1時,雞糞均顯著增加了小白菜與油菜地上部生物量。在土壤鎘含量為3.0mg·kg-1時,雞糞對油菜生物量有顯著的作用,高施用量的雞糞也提高了小白菜的生物量,說明改良劑的不同施用量對小白菜和油菜均有不同的影響。(2)在正常土壤上,改良劑對油菜和小白菜地上部鎘含量影響均不顯著。當(dāng)土壤鎘含量為1.5 mg·kg-1時,4種改良劑對油菜地上部的鎘含量均有降低。在土壤鎘含量為3.0 mg·kg-1時,不同改良劑對油菜和小白菜地上部鎘含量影響各異,且不同施用量對其影響也不同。(3)在正常土壤中,腐殖酸、生物碳和雞糞均顯著降低了種植小白菜和油菜土壤中的鎘含量。當(dāng)土壤中鎘含量1.5 mg·kg-1時,4種改良劑對均顯著降低土壤中的鎘含量。當(dāng)土壤鎘含量為3.0 mg·kg-1時,4種改良劑較對照土壤均顯著降低了種植小白菜土壤中的鎘含量,且腐殖酸處理的降低效果最佳。(4)有機改良劑腐殖酸、雞糞和生物碳不同程度的促進了土壤中的鎘由不可利用態(tài)向潛在生物可利用態(tài)和可利用態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)化,而海泡石則鈍化了有效態(tài)鎘含量,不利于植物根系對鎘離子的吸收;生物碳增加了土壤中碳酸鹽態(tài)鎘的存在比例;雞糞作為一種特殊的有機改良劑施入土壤后,土壤鎘主要以交換態(tài)、碳酸鹽結(jié)合態(tài)和鐵錳氧化態(tài)形式存在,其他形態(tài)鎘含量均很少;改良劑對土壤中鎘形態(tài)的影響在修復(fù)土壤方面起著至關(guān)重要的作用�！窘Y(jié)論】有機肥不僅可以提高作物生長,還可以促進小白菜和油菜對鎘的吸收,小白菜對鎘的超積累能力優(yōu)于油菜。雞糞可以顯著增加小白菜與油菜的生物量,4種改良劑的施用量的不同對小白菜與油菜地上部鎘含量也有顯著差異。雞糞、生物碳和腐殖酸對土壤鎘有活化的作用,海泡石抑制了土壤中鎘的有效化。
[Abstract]:[Objective] the pollution of heavy metals in agricultural soils of China is very serious. Among all the heavy metals, cadmium is one of the most toxic elements. In recent years, the remediation of cadmium contaminated soil has become an urgent problem to be solved in the sustainable development of agriculture in China. Amelioration agents generally act on heavy metals in soil by adsorption, ion exchange, surface precipitation, complexation, redox and other mechanisms. Their cost is low and safety is high. It is currently an economical and efficient treatment technology. Therefore, studying the effects of modifiers on the transformation and accumulation of cadmium in soil and the effect of plants on cadmium absorption can provide references for improving cadmium contaminated soil in agricultural production. [method] the pot experiment was conducted to study the effects of different amendments on calcareous soil cadmium content, morphological transformation and absorption and accumulation of cadmium in Chinese cabbage and rape. The experiment was divided into two parts: the first part was the pretest to study the effect of organic fertilizer on the absorption of cadmium in Chinese cabbage and rapeseed. The second part is the experiment part, pot experiments were conducted respectively in normal soil (A), low cadmium content of soil (B) and high cadmium content of soil (C) of 3 soil types in Chinese cabbage and rape, chicken manure, humic acid, bio carbon and sepiolite 4 kinds of modifiers with different content of each application study on the influence of 4 kinds of soil improver and its dosage on Chinese cabbage and rape biomass and Cd uptake and accumulation of cadmium in soil and transformation. The main results were as follows: (1) the high content of organic fertilizer could significantly increase the biomass of cabbage and rapeseed. A certain amount of cadmium in the soil can promote the biomass of the upper part of Chinese cabbage. (2) adding organic fertilizer had a significant effect on the absorption of cadmium in Chinese cabbage and rapeseed in contaminated soil, and the effect of organic manure on rape was greater than that of Chinese cabbage. Chinese cabbage has hyperconcentration on Cadmium in every soil. The main results of the experiment were as follows: (1) on the normal soil, the effects of amendments on the aboveground biomass of rape and pakchoi were basically the same. The high biomass of chicken manure significantly increased the biomass of Chinese cabbage and Brassica napus. When the soil cadmium content was 1.5 mg. Kg-1, chicken manure significantly increased the biomass of Brassica napus and Brassica napus. When the soil cadmium content is 3.0mg. Kg-1, chicken manure has a significant effect on rape biomass. The chicken manure with higher application dose also increased the biomass of pakchoi, indicating that different application amount of modifier had different effects on Chinese cabbage and rape. (2) on the normal soil, the effect of the modifier on the content of Cd in the upper part of Brassica napus and pakchoi was not significant. When the soil cadmium content was 1.5 mg. Kg-1, the content of cadmium in the upper part of the rapeseed was reduced by the 4 modifiers. When soil cadmium content was 3 mg. Kg-1, different modifiers had different effects on the content of Cd in the upper part of Brassica napus and pakchoi, and the effects of different dosage on the CD content were different. (3) in the normal soil, humic acid, bio carbon and chicken manure significantly decreased the content of cadmium in the soil of Brassica napus and Brassica napus. When the content of cadmium in the soil was 1.5 mg. Kg-1, the 4 modifiers significantly decreased the content of cadmium in the soil. When the cadmium content of soil was 3 mg. Kg-1, the 4 kinds of amendments significantly reduced the cadmium content in the soil of cabbage, compared with the control soil, and the effect of humic acid treatment was the best. (4) organic modifier humic acid, chicken manure and biological carbon in different degree to promote the cadmium in the soil by not available to potential biological availability and availability of the transformation, and then the effective cadmium passivation of sepiolite content, is not conducive to the absorption of plant roots on cadmium ion; biological carbon increase the ratio of carbonate bound cadmium in soil; manure as an organic modifier for special application in soil, cadmium in soil mainly in the exchangeable, carbonate bound and Fe Mn oxidized form, other forms of cadmium content are few; effects of amendments on CD forms in soil plays an important role in the repair of soil. [Conclusion] organic fertilizer can not only improve the growth of crops, but also promote the absorption of cadmium in Chinese cabbage and rapeseed, and the super accumulation of cadmium in Chinese cabbage is better than that of rape. Chicken manure could significantly increase the biomass of Brassica napus and Brassica napus, and the difference in the application of the 4 modifiers had significant difference on the content of Cd in the upper part of Brassica napus and Brassica napus. The effect of chicken manure, bio carbon and humic acid on Cadmium in soil was activated, and sepiolite inhibited the availability of cadmium in soil.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：石河子大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：X53

【參考文獻】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前10條

1 李躍科;;探析重金屬鎘對土壤的危害及應(yīng)對措施[J];資源節(jié)約與環(huán)保;2014年10期

2 王艷紅;李盟軍;唐明燈;艾紹英;余丹妮;;石灰和泥炭配施對葉菜吸收Cd的阻控效應(yīng)[J];農(nóng)業(yè)環(huán)境科學(xué)學(xué)報;2013年12期

3 趙風(fēng)蘭;高原;劉彩玲;;土壤重金屬污染及修復(fù)方法研究進展[J];環(huán)境科學(xué)與技術(shù);2013年S2期

4 姚黎霞;茹巧美;何良興;;蔬菜重金屬元素污染研究進展[J];現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)科技;2013年22期

5 吳丹;王友保;胡珊;汪楠楠;;吊蘭生長對重金屬鎘、鋅、鉛復(fù)合污染土壤修復(fù)的影響[J];土壤通報;2013年05期

6 文霄;劉迎云;關(guān)永兵;;湘南某鉛鋅礦區(qū)重金屬賦存形態(tài)分析[J];安全與環(huán)境工程;2013年05期

7 馬彩云;蔡定建;嚴(yán)宏;;土壤鎘污染及其治理技術(shù)研究進展[J];河南化工;2013年16期

8 唐秋香;繆新;;土壤鎘污染的現(xiàn)狀及修復(fù)研究進展[J];環(huán)境工程;2013年S1期

9 肖春文;羅秀云;田云;盧向陽;;重金屬鎘污染生物修復(fù)的研究進展[J];化學(xué)與生物工程;2013年08期

10 鄧惠強;聶呈榮;;不同改良劑對鎘污染土壤中油麥菜生物量及鎘含量的影響[J];佛山科學(xué)技術(shù)學(xué)院學(xué)報(自然科學(xué)版);2013年04期

相關(guān)博士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 董萌;南洞庭湖濕地土壤鎘（Cd）污染與蔞蒿植物修復(fù)研究[D];湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2011年

相關(guān)碩士學(xué)位論文 前1條

1 曾建兵;洞庭湖菜地重金屬污染風(fēng)險評價及原位修復(fù)技術(shù)研究[D];湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué);2011年

，

本文編號：1338542