【摘要】：隨著全球工業(yè)化進(jìn)程腳步的加快,大量化石資源的消耗,人類賴以生存的能源面臨枯竭。如何尋找新的碳源,將成為解決人類生存、保護(hù)人類社會(huì)可持續(xù)發(fā)展的迫切任務(wù)。超級(jí)電容器,也叫做電化學(xué)電容器,是一種新興的能源儲(chǔ)存裝置,具有功率密度高、循環(huán)壽命長(zhǎng)、快速充放電等優(yōu)點(diǎn),近年來獲得廣泛關(guān)注�？稍偕缘膹U棄生物質(zhì)以其成本低廉、原料豐富、綠色可循環(huán)等優(yōu)點(diǎn)成為制備超級(jí)電容器電極材料的優(yōu)先選擇。本論文以兩種廢棄生物質(zhì)——葵花盤和柚子皮為前驅(qū)體,通過不同的合成方法制備出多種碳材料,并對(duì)其性能進(jìn)行了研究,為科學(xué)高效綜合利用廢棄生物質(zhì)提供了基礎(chǔ)。主要內(nèi)容如下:以生物質(zhì)中的葵花盤為原料,使用KOH作為活化法制備葵花盤基活性炭。討論了分別采用研磨法和浸漬法,以及不同活化劑比例對(duì)其性能的影響。制備出比表面積1031 m2·g-1、總孔容2.34 cm3·g-1的活性炭。表征測(cè)試分析顯示該樣品具有大量的微孔和少量的中孔結(jié)構(gòu)。通過電化學(xué)測(cè)試,在以6 mol·L-1的KOH溶液為電解液,在1 A·g-1電流密度下,葵花盤基活性炭電極材料比容量可達(dá)345F·g-1。分別以葵花盤和柚子皮作為碳源,使用TEOS和CTAB為模板劑制備多孔碳材料。氮?dú)獗Ｗo(hù)下高溫焙燒后,經(jīng)氫氟酸清洗去除模板劑。通過表征測(cè)試分析和電化學(xué)測(cè)試分析,當(dāng)采用柚子皮為碳源,模板劑CTAB/TEOS=0.4時(shí),制備的碳材料石墨化程度更高,電化學(xué)性能更好,內(nèi)電阻最小,比電容為290 F·g-1。而采用葵花盤為碳源時(shí),電化學(xué)性能稍差。這就為我們下一步選擇碳材料前驅(qū)體奠定了基礎(chǔ)。以柚子皮作為碳前軀體,采用乙酸鎂熱解產(chǎn)生的MgO作為模板劑,KOH活化法進(jìn)行活化制備多級(jí)孔碳材料。采用各種電化學(xué)測(cè)試手段分析了KOH活性劑比例以及焙燒溫度對(duì)多級(jí)孔碳材料電化學(xué)性能的影響,同時(shí)聯(lián)合氮?dú)馕矫摳綔y(cè)試、透射電鏡、掃描電鏡、X射線衍射等測(cè)試技術(shù),探索了孔結(jié)構(gòu)和電容的關(guān)系。其中最佳多級(jí)孔碳具有最大的質(zhì)量比電容,達(dá)到353 F·g-1(1 A·g-1)。
[Abstract]:With the acceleration of the process of global industrialization and the consumption of a large number of fossil resources, the energy sources on which human beings depend for survival are faced with exhaustion. How to find new carbon sources will become an urgent task to solve human survival and protect the sustainable development of human society. Supercapacitors, also called electrochemical capacitors, are a new energy storage device, which has many advantages such as high power density, long cycle life, rapid charge and discharge and so on. Renewable waste biomass has become the preferred material for the preparation of electrode materials for supercapacitors because of its low cost, abundant raw materials and green recycling. In this paper, two kinds of waste biomass, sunflower disk and pomelo peel, were used as precursors to prepare various carbon materials through different synthetic methods, and their properties were studied, which provided the basis for scientific and efficient utilization of waste biomass. The main contents are as follows: using sunflower disk in biomass as raw material, KOH was used as activation method to prepare sunflower disk based activated carbon. The effects of grinding method and impregnation method, as well as the ratio of activator on their properties were discussed. Activated carbon with a specific surface area of 1031 m ~ 2 g ~ (-1) and a total pore volume of 2.34 cm3 g ~ (-1) was prepared. Characterization analysis showed that the sample had a large number of micropores and a small number of mesoporous structures. With 6 mol L-1 KOH solution as electrolyte and 1 A g ~ (-1) current density, the specific capacity of sunflower disk based activated carbon electrode can reach 345F g ~ (-1). Porous carbon materials were prepared from sunflower disc and grapefruit peel using TEOS and CTAB as templates. After high temperature roasting under the protection of nitrogen, the template was removed by hydrofluoric acid cleaning. By means of characterization and electrochemical analysis, when grapefruit peel was used as carbon source and template agent CTAB/TEOS=0.4 was used, the graphitization degree, electrochemical performance and internal resistance of the prepared carbon materials were higher, and the specific capacitance was 290F g-1. When sunflower disk was used as carbon source, the electrochemical performance was slightly worse. This will lay the foundation for our next choice of carbon precursor. The grapefruit peel was used as carbon precursor, MgO produced by magnesium acetate pyrolysis was used as template, and KOH activation method was used to prepare multiporous carbon materials. The effects of the ratio of KOH active agents and calcination temperature on the electrochemical properties of multilevel porous carbon materials were analyzed by various electrochemical testing methods. At the same time, nitrogen adsorption desorption test, transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction and other testing techniques were used. The relationship between pore structure and capacitance is explored. Among them, the best multilevel porous carbon has the largest mass specific capacitance, reaching 353 F g -1 (1 A g -1).
【學(xué)位授予單位】：黑龍江大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TQ127.11

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