【摘要】：眾所周知,我們的生活離不開淡水,然而地球上的淡水資源嚴(yán)重匱乏,如何開發(fā)、保護淡水資源為人類的生存、發(fā)展提供足夠的清潔用水是目前全世界最棘手也是最迫切的問題之一。當(dāng)下,反滲透處理水的技術(shù)應(yīng)用廣泛,遍及全世界,而且發(fā)展迅速,技術(shù)成熟。反滲透技術(shù)的不斷發(fā)展拓寬了反滲透市場,隨著市場的擴大,每年都有數(shù)以萬計的反滲透膜被淘汰,被廢棄,這樣就造成了不小的環(huán)境污染,而且還浪費了資源。因此,各國各界都在積極尋找能夠使廢棄反滲透膜變廢為寶的方法,致力于對廢棄反滲透膜再利用的研究,旨在控制廢棄反滲透膜的數(shù)目,減小對環(huán)境的污染并降低水處理成本,達(dá)到資源的循環(huán)再利用的目標(biāo)。經(jīng)過各界專家、研究者的潛心研究,目前已經(jīng)研究出了一些廢棄反滲透膜再生的方法。Fibiger等采用在聚酰胺類反滲透膜表面涂覆含羧基的水溶性聚合物方法,來提高廢棄反滲透膜的脫鹽率。JoseM.Veza用一定濃度的KMnO_4溶液對反滲透膜的表面進行氧化處理,得到的再生膜總分離效率達(dá)到97%。李寶光等采用化學(xué)清洗和NaClO溶液氧化結(jié)合的方法來對廢棄的聚酰胺反滲透膜進行再生,再生膜體現(xiàn)了良好的脫鹽性能。浙江大學(xué)的俞三傳教授等人用含胺溶液對膜元件進行改性處理,經(jīng)過處理后的膜有一定的分離性能。辛永光等先對廢棄的膜元件用特定氧化劑氧化,再用含胺溶液循環(huán)浸泡,得到的再生膜具有過濾膜的性能,且再生膜的壽命更長,并設(shè)計了一套對廢棄反滲透膜進行清洗和改性再生的工藝和裝置,而且有望推進市場。本課題在前人研究的基礎(chǔ)上,借鑒他們的一些方法,對廢棄的卷式聚酰胺反滲透膜元件進行再生研究。本課題通過對廢棄的卷式聚酰胺反滲透膜元件進行清洗測試、表面改性,使其實現(xiàn)過濾膜的功能,以低成本的廢棄膜代替成本高昂的過濾膜,減少了廢棄反滲透膜的數(shù)量,并減小環(huán)境的污染和降低水處理成本,不僅在經(jīng)濟上有較高效益,而且同時實現(xiàn)了廢棄物資源的再生利用。從實驗結(jié)果上看,NaClO溶液氧化后的膜元件具有更好的脫鹽和透水性能,且氧化時間短,因此選擇NaClO溶液作為最佳氧化藥劑。本實驗選擇NaClO溶液對反滲透膜的最佳氧化工藝參數(shù)為:濃度0.4%,時間60min,溫度30℃。通過運行參數(shù)對膜性能的影響分析實驗可知,進水的鹽濃度在200~2000mg/L的區(qū)間之內(nèi),脫鹽率降低了11.22%,進水壓力增加了0.02MPa;膜通量在5~35L/(m2·h)的范圍之內(nèi),脫鹽率升高了10.79%,進水壓力增加了0.16MPa;回收率在8~35%的范圍之內(nèi),脫鹽率降低了7.54%,進水壓力增加了0.15MPa;溫度在15~35℃的范圍之內(nèi),脫鹽率僅降低了3.95%,進水壓力下降了0.02MPa。運行參數(shù)的變化對脫鹽率的影響從大到小依次為鹽濃度,膜通量,回收率,溫度;運行參數(shù)的變化對進水壓力的影響從大到小依次為膜通量,回收率,鹽濃度,溫度。其中鹽濃度和溫度對進水壓力的影響相等,鹽濃越高進水壓力就越高,而溫度越高進水壓力反而越低。
[Abstract]:It is well known that our lives cannot be separated from fresh water, yet fresh water resources on the earth are severely deficient, how to develop and protect freshwater resources for the survival and development of human beings is one of the most difficult and pressing problems in the world at present. At present, the technology of reverse osmosis treatment water is widely applied to the world, and the development is rapid and the technology is mature. The continuous development of reverse osmosis technology has broadened the reverse osmosis market. With the expansion of the market, tens of thousands of reverse osmosis membranes are eliminated every year, which is discarded, which causes great environmental pollution and wastes resources. Therefore, all circles in all walks of life actively seek a method capable of changing waste reverse osmosis membrane into valuable, aiming at controlling the reuse of waste reverse osmosis membrane, aiming at controlling the number of waste reverse osmosis membranes, reducing environmental pollution and reducing water treatment cost, the goal of recycling resources is achieved. Through the research of experts and researchers from all walks of life, some methods for regeneration of waste reverse osmosis membranes have been studied. Fiber-based reverse osmosis membrane surface is used to coat water-soluble polymer with water-soluble salt to improve the desalination rate of waste reverse osmosis membrane. JosemeM. Veza treated the surface of reverse osmosis membrane with a certain concentration of KMnO _ 4 solution, and the total separation efficiency of regenerated membrane reached 97%. Li Bao's light and the like adopt chemical cleaning and NaClO solution to oxidize and combine to regenerate the abandoned reverse osmosis membrane, and the regeneration membrane shows good desalting performance. The membrane element was modified with amine-containing solution, and the treated membrane had a certain separation performance. the invention relates to a process and a device for cleaning and modifying a waste reverse osmosis membrane, And it is expected to advance the market. On the basis of the previous researches, this paper studies the regeneration of abandoned roll-type reverse osmosis membrane elements by using some of their methods. The object of the invention is to carry out cleaning test and surface modification on the discarded coiled membrane type reverse osmosis membrane element so as to realize the function of filtering membrane, replace the high-cost filter membrane with low-cost waste membrane, reduce the quantity of waste reverse osmosis membrane, and simultaneously realizes the regeneration and utilization of waste resources. From the experimental results, NaClO solution has better desalting and water permeability, and the oxidation time is short, so NaClO solution is chosen as the best oxidizing agent. The optimum oxidation process parameters of NaClO solution to reverse osmosis membrane were: concentration 0.4%, time 60min, temperature 30 鈩，

本文編號：2300593