【摘要】：隨著我國經(jīng)濟(jì)的快速發(fā)展,淡水資源的過度開發(fā)利用和水體污染的日益加劇,導(dǎo)致我國水資源缺乏問題愈加突出。為了緩解這種緊張的局勢,從豐富的海水資源中獲取淡水的技術(shù)受到人們廣泛的關(guān)注與研究。傳統(tǒng)的脫鹽技術(shù)由于自身缺陷使得他們在海水淡化領(lǐng)域的進(jìn)一步發(fā)展受到了限制。滲透汽化作為新發(fā)展起來的脫鹽技術(shù),綜合了熱法和膜法兩種脫鹽技術(shù)的諸多優(yōu)點(diǎn),是海水淡化領(lǐng)域極具潛力的技術(shù)。經(jīng)過多年的研究,滲透汽化膜具備高通量和高截留率的特點(diǎn),但是滲透汽化脫鹽的實(shí)際應(yīng)用并不多見。因此,本論文設(shè)計一種新型的板框式膜組件,為滲透汽化脫鹽的工業(yè)應(yīng)用打下理論基礎(chǔ)并積累經(jīng)驗(yàn)。對膜組件中所使用的磺化非均質(zhì)膜的性能進(jìn)行了表征與測試,探索了不同溫度、濃度及真空壓力等操作參數(shù)對滲透汽化通量的影響。用抽濾預(yù)處理后的海水進(jìn)行長期滲透汽化實(shí)驗(yàn),并對表面污染物的成分進(jìn)行分析,發(fā)現(xiàn)膜表面的主要污染物是碳酸鹽和硫酸鹽。針對膜污染進(jìn)行清洗探究,以不同種類的酸作為膜清洗試劑,發(fā)現(xiàn)鹽酸(pH=2)清洗能夠使膜通量得到最大程度的恢復(fù)。針對平板式膜組件內(nèi)部的不良流動狀態(tài),采用FLUENT流體模擬軟件對實(shí)驗(yàn)設(shè)計的板框流道結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行模擬分析與改進(jìn),最終得到了進(jìn)水分布較好的流道結(jié)構(gòu),并通過實(shí)驗(yàn)測量的方法對模擬結(jié)果進(jìn)行了驗(yàn)證,所得結(jié)論保持一致。根據(jù)模擬結(jié)果和實(shí)際情況的要求,對整個膜組件的結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行了設(shè)計,采用3D打印技術(shù)制備了具有復(fù)雜流道結(jié)構(gòu)的膜組件。以該膜組件為核心搭建了一套滲透汽化裝置系統(tǒng),對裝置系統(tǒng)的處理能力進(jìn)行評估,在裝置運(yùn)行穩(wěn)定狀態(tài)下對海水進(jìn)行處理,其產(chǎn)水量可達(dá)80L·d-1。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of China's economy, the over-exploitation of freshwater resources and the worsening of water pollution, the shortage of water resources in China has become more and more prominent. In order to alleviate this tense situation, the technology of obtaining fresh water from rich sea water resources has received extensive attention and research. Their further development in desalination field is restricted by traditional desalination technology due to its own defects. As a newly developed desalination technology, osmotic vaporization combines many advantages of thermal desalination and membrane desalination, and is a potential technology in the field of seawater desalination. After many years of research, pervaporation membrane has the characteristics of high throughput and high retention, but the practical application of osmotic vaporization desalination is rare. Therefore, this paper designs a new type of plate and frame membrane module, which lays a theoretical foundation and accumulates experience for industrial application of pervaporation desalination. The properties of sulfonated heterogeneous membranes used in membrane modules were characterized and tested. The effects of operating parameters such as temperature, concentration and vacuum pressure on pervaporation flux were investigated. A long-term pervaporation experiment was carried out in seawater pretreated by filtration and the composition of surface pollutants was analyzed. It was found that the main pollutants on membrane surface were carbonate and sulfate. The cleaning of membrane fouling was carried out and different kinds of acid were used as membrane cleaning reagents. It was found that hydrochloric acid (pH=2) cleaning could make membrane flux recover as much as possible. In view of the bad flow state in the flat membrane assembly, the flow channel structure of the plate and frame was simulated and improved by using FLUENT fluid simulation software. Finally, the flow channel structure with better distribution of inlet water was obtained. The simulation results are verified by the method of experimental measurement, and the results are consistent. According to the simulation results and the requirements of the actual situation, the structure of the whole membrane assembly is designed, and the membrane assembly with complex flow channel structure is fabricated by 3D printing technology. Based on the membrane module, a pervaporation equipment system was set up. The capacity of the system was evaluated, and the seawater was treated under the condition of steady operation. The water yield was up to 80L d ~ (-1).
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京化工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TQ051.893

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