【摘要】：膜蒸餾技術(shù)是一種將膜技術(shù)與蒸餾過(guò)程相結(jié)合的新型膜分離技術(shù),在化工分離與濃縮、海水淡化和工業(yè)廢水處理等領(lǐng)域具有廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。但是迄今為止,膜蒸餾技術(shù)仍未實(shí)現(xiàn)大規(guī)模應(yīng)用,阻礙其工業(yè)化的原因之一就是缺乏性能優(yōu)良的膜蒸餾過(guò)程專屬用膜。本文通過(guò)TIPS法制備出了適用于膜蒸餾過(guò)程的PVDF中空纖維膜,并對(duì)其進(jìn)行了超疏水改性,以達(dá)到提高膜通量和降低膜污染的目的,為膜蒸餾技術(shù)的發(fā)展和應(yīng)用奠定了基礎(chǔ)。本論文以溶解度參數(shù)法則和介電常數(shù)為依據(jù),探討了以DOS、DOA代替DOP配制鑄膜液的可行性,以PVDF/γ-BL/DOP、PVDF/γ-BL/DOA和PVDF/γ-BL/DOS為鑄膜液體系制備PVDF平板膜,并對(duì)膜結(jié)構(gòu)與性能進(jìn)行了表征。結(jié)果表明,以PVDF/γ-BL/DOS為鑄膜液體系制備的膜斷面中出現(xiàn)了雙連續(xù)結(jié)構(gòu),且具有最大的孔隙率和拉伸強(qiáng)度。以PVDF/γ-BL/DOS為鑄膜液體系,氮?dú)鉃槌汕涣黧w、水為凝固浴,采用TIPS法制備了滲透性能優(yōu)異的具有雙連續(xù)結(jié)構(gòu)的PVDF中空纖維膜,探討了不同的制膜條件對(duì)中空纖維膜結(jié)構(gòu)及性能的影響。所制備的中空纖維膜的孔隙率達(dá)到84.36%,拉伸強(qiáng)度達(dá)6.941MPa,進(jìn)料液為90°C時(shí)的膜蒸餾通量達(dá)到77.6kg/m2?h,表現(xiàn)出良好的機(jī)械強(qiáng)度和透過(guò)性能。以PVDF/DMAc/PG為涂覆液,采用溶液浸泡法在PVDF中空纖維膜表面構(gòu)建起微納級(jí)乳突結(jié)構(gòu)涂覆層,制備了超疏水PVDF中空纖維膜,研究了不同的改性條件對(duì)中空纖維膜結(jié)構(gòu)及性能的影響。所制備的超疏水PVDF中空纖維膜的表面接觸角達(dá)到了156.6°。利用未改性的原膜與改性后的超疏水膜進(jìn)行了一系列膜蒸餾實(shí)驗(yàn),對(duì)改性前后中空纖維的通量與性能進(jìn)行了對(duì)比。雖然在運(yùn)行初期,改性膜的膜蒸餾通量略小于原膜,但是隨著運(yùn)行時(shí)間的延長(zhǎng),改性膜的膜蒸餾通量衰減緩慢,并表現(xiàn)出優(yōu)良的抗?jié)櫇裥�、抗污染性及穩(wěn)定性。另外,本論文以酯基碳納米管MWCNT-(COOC16H31)n為填料制備了導(dǎo)熱PVDF復(fù)合膜,并對(duì)鑄膜液進(jìn)行電場(chǎng)定向,研究了MWCNT-(COOC16H31)n含量和電場(chǎng)定向作用對(duì)膜結(jié)構(gòu)及性能的影響,為其日后在換熱器領(lǐng)域的應(yīng)用奠定了基礎(chǔ),推進(jìn)了導(dǎo)熱高分子材料的發(fā)展。
[Abstract]:Membrane distillation is a new membrane separation technology which combines membrane technology with distillation process. It has a broad application prospect in chemical separation and concentration, seawater desalination and industrial wastewater treatment. However, up to now, the application of membrane distillation technology has not been realized on a large scale, and one of the reasons hindering its industrialization is the lack of special membrane for membrane distillation process with excellent performance. In this paper, PVDF hollow fiber membrane suitable for membrane distillation process was prepared by TIPS method, and modified by superhydrophobic method, in order to increase membrane flux and reduce membrane fouling, which laid a foundation for the development and application of membrane distillation technology. On the basis of solubility parameter rule and dielectric constant, the feasibility of preparing casting solution with DOS,DOA instead of DOP was discussed in this paper. PVDF flat membrane was prepared by using PVDF/ 緯 -BL / DOP / 緯 -BL / DOA and PVDF/ 緯 -BL / DOS as casting liquid system, and the structure and properties of the membrane were characterized. The results show that PVDF/ 緯 -BL / DOS has a double continuous structure and has the largest porosity and tensile strength. Using PVDF/ 緯 -BL / DOS as casting liquid system, nitrogen as cavity fluid and water as coagulation bath, PVDF hollow fiber membranes with excellent permeability and double continuous structure were prepared by TIPS method. The effects of different membrane preparation conditions on the structure and properties of hollow fiber membranes were discussed. The prepared hollow fiber membrane has a porosity of 84.36, a tensile strength of 6.941 MPa, and a membrane distillation flux of 77.6 kg / m ~ 2 h at 90 擄C, showing good mechanical strength and permeability. Ultrahydrophobic PVDF hollow fiber membrane was prepared by using PVDF/DMAc/PG as coating solution and micronano mastoid structure coating on the surface of PVDF hollow fiber membrane by solution immersion method. The effects of different modification conditions on the structure and properties of hollow fiber membrane were studied. The surface contact angle of the superhydrophobic PVDF hollow fiber membrane is 156.6 擄. A series of membrane distillation experiments were carried out with the unmodified membrane and the modified superhydrophobic membrane. The flux and properties of the hollow fiber before and after modification were compared. Although the membrane distillation flux of the modified membrane was slightly smaller than that of the original membrane at the initial stage of operation, the flux of the modified membrane decreased slowly with the extension of the running time, and showed excellent anti-wettability, anti-fouling and stability. In addition, in this thesis, MWCNT- (COOC16H31) n was used as the filler to prepare thermal conductive PVDF composite membrane. The effect of MWCNT- (COOC16H31) n content and electric field orientation on the structure and properties of the film was studied. It lays a foundation for its application in the field of heat exchanger and promotes the development of thermal conductive polymer materials.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：博士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TQ051.893

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