【摘要】：煤氣化技術(shù)是高效、清潔利用煤炭資源的重要途徑,符合我國當(dāng)前“多煤、少油、缺氣”的國情,其中循環(huán)流化床煤氣化技術(shù)因其煤種適應(yīng)性好、碳轉(zhuǎn)化率高、易于脫硫等特點(diǎn)具有廣闊的發(fā)展前景。對(duì)于循環(huán)流化床,循環(huán)倍率對(duì)碳轉(zhuǎn)化率、爐內(nèi)溫度水平甚至脫硫效率等都有重要影響,而料腿排灰技術(shù)可以通過改變料腿的排灰量對(duì)循環(huán)倍率及飛灰夾帶量進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié)。排灰量的調(diào)節(jié)與控制是料腿排灰技術(shù)的關(guān)鍵,高溫條件下通常采用非機(jī)械閥進(jìn)行控制。本文對(duì)U型返料閥進(jìn)行了研究,并將U型返料閥用于料腿排灰,探討了排灰閥的流動(dòng)特性。設(shè)計(jì)并搭建了循環(huán)流化床及料腿排灰冷態(tài)實(shí)驗(yàn)臺(tái),以石英砂為床料、空氣為流化介質(zhì),對(duì)循環(huán)流化床U型返料閥給料室松動(dòng)風(fēng)和返料室流化風(fēng)的流動(dòng)特性進(jìn)行了研究。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,松動(dòng)風(fēng)量與主床固體循環(huán)通量有較好的線性關(guān)系,可調(diào)性較高；返料室內(nèi)充分流化后固體通量隨流化風(fēng)量的增加基本不再改變,可調(diào)性較差。通過采用不同粒徑的石英砂,研究了顆粒粒徑與主床固體循環(huán)通量的關(guān)系。結(jié)果表明,顆粒粒徑越小U型返料閥的返料能力越強(qiáng),達(dá)到同樣固體通量所需的風(fēng)量越小。實(shí)驗(yàn)發(fā)現(xiàn),料腿內(nèi)料位高度對(duì)U型返料閥內(nèi)顆粒流動(dòng)有所影響,料位越高立管內(nèi)壓降越大,U型返料閥的返料能力越強(qiáng)。對(duì)U型返料閥的阻力特性同樣做了探討,循環(huán)流化床內(nèi)固體循環(huán)通量越高,U型返料閥阻力越小,有較好的自平衡能力�；赨型返料閥的原理,通過增加一個(gè)給料室,設(shè)計(jì)了料腿排灰調(diào)節(jié)閥,并開展了給料室和排灰室風(fēng)量對(duì)排灰閥排灰特性的影響的研究。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明,水平孔口的大小對(duì)排灰量有所影響,將水平孔口面積不同的給料室相組合可得到不同的調(diào)節(jié)特性。對(duì)兩個(gè)給料室的研究表明,兩個(gè)給料室會(huì)相互影響,其同時(shí)開啟時(shí)調(diào)節(jié)范圍比單獨(dú)開啟之和要大。討論了兩個(gè)給料室的配合方式,使其能夠在排灰閥總充氣量盡量小的情況下獲得足夠大的調(diào)節(jié)范圍。對(duì)于排灰閥,一個(gè)給料室主調(diào),另一個(gè)給料室輔助,可以獲得更靈活的調(diào)節(jié)能力以及更廣的調(diào)節(jié)范圍。對(duì)排灰閥的不足也進(jìn)行了研究,提出了進(jìn)一步的改進(jìn)方法。
[Abstract]:Coal gasification technology is an important way to make use of coal resources efficiently and cleanly. It accords with the current situation of "more coal, less oil and less gas" in our country. Circulating fluidized bed coal gasification technology has high carbon conversion rate because of its good adaptability of coal type. The characteristics such as easy desulphurization have a broad development prospect. For circulating fluidized bed (CFB), circulating rate has an important effect on carbon conversion, temperature level and desulfurization efficiency, etc. The rate of cycle ratio and fly ash entrainment can be adjusted by changing the amount of ash discharged from feed leg. The regulation and control of ash discharge amount is the key of material leg ash removal technology, and the non-mechanical valve is usually used to control it under high temperature. In this paper, U type return valve is studied, and the flow characteristic of U type return valve is discussed. The cold test bench of circulating fluidized bed and leg ash was designed and built. The flow characteristics of loose air and fluidized air in feed chamber of U-type return valve in circulating fluidized bed were studied with quartz sand as bed material and air as fluidized medium. The experimental results show that the loose air flow has a good linear relationship with the flux of solid circulation in the main bed, and the solid flux is not changed with the increase of the fluidized air flow rate, and the adjustability is poor. The relationship between particle size and solid circulation flux of main bed was studied by using quartz sand with different particle sizes. The results show that the smaller the particle size, the stronger the recharge capacity of U-type return valve, and the smaller the air volume required to achieve the same solid flux. It is found that the height of the material level in the material leg has an effect on the flow of particles in the U-type return valve, and the higher the material level is, the greater the pressure drop in the vertical pipe is, and the stronger the return ability of the U-type return valve is. The resistance characteristics of U-type return valve are also discussed. The higher the solid circulation flux in circulating fluidized bed is, the smaller the resistance of U-type return valve is, and the better self-balancing ability is. Based on the principle of U-type return valve, a feed leg ash regulating valve is designed by adding a feeding room, and the influence of air volume in feed room and ash discharge chamber on the ash discharge characteristics of ash discharge valve is studied. The experimental results show that the size of the horizontal orifice has an effect on the ash discharge, and different adjusting characteristics can be obtained by combining the feed chamber with different horizontal orifice area. The study on the two feed chambers shows that the two feed chambers interact with each other, and the adjustment range of the two feeders is larger than that of the single opening at the same time. The matching mode of the two feeding chambers is discussed, which can obtain a wide enough adjustment range under the condition that the total air volume of the ash discharge valve is as small as possible. For ash valve, one feed chamber main tone, the other feed room auxiliary, can obtain more flexible adjustment ability and a wider range of regulation. The deficiency of ash-discharging valve is also studied, and further improvement method is put forward.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：東南大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TQ545;TQ051.13

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