【摘要】：為解決離子液體萃取精餾中部分離子液體熔點(diǎn)高和粘度大的問題,本文采用離子液體和分子液體的混合物作為萃取劑,進(jìn)行乙腈-水共沸體系的萃取精餾研究。實(shí)驗(yàn)測定了乙腈-水-乙二醇-氯化1-乙基-3-甲基咪唑([EMIM][Cl])四元體系在102.5 KPa下的汽-液平衡數(shù)據(jù)。將所測汽液平衡數(shù)據(jù)采用NRTL方程進(jìn)行擬合,獲得了[EMIM][Cl]-乙腈、[EMIM][Cl]-水、[EMIM][Cl]-乙二醇二元體系的交互作用參數(shù),計(jì)算結(jié)果與實(shí)驗(yàn)測量結(jié)果吻合良好。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明以乙二醇+[EMIM][Cl]為混合萃取劑能完全打破乙腈-水共沸物的共沸點(diǎn)。此外,還測定了[EMIM][Cl]、乙二醇以及二者混合液的粘度,混合液粘度與離子液體相比大幅降低。通過比較[EMIM][Cl]和乙二醇在萃取劑中的作用得出:[EMIM][Cl]的選擇性高于乙二醇的選擇性,[EMIM][Cl]與乙二醇之間沒有協(xié)同作用,混合萃取劑的選擇性主要由[EMIM][Cl]貢獻(xiàn),乙二醇對混合萃取劑選擇性貢獻(xiàn)較小,乙二醇主要起助溶和降低離子液體粘度的作用。利用化工軟件Aspen Plus進(jìn)行了以[EMIM][Cl]和乙二醇為混合萃取劑分離乙腈-水共沸物的萃取精餾過程進(jìn)行了模擬,確定了操作參數(shù)以及動態(tài)控制過程必需的設(shè)備參數(shù)。利用模擬計(jì)算研究了原料進(jìn)料位置、萃取劑進(jìn)料位置、萃取劑進(jìn)料溫度、回流比、溶劑比、混合萃取劑中離子液體含量對萃取精餾塔塔頂乙腈濃度以及再沸器熱負(fù)荷的影響。利用化工軟件Aspen Dynamic進(jìn)行了萃取精餾動態(tài)控制過程研究,設(shè)計(jì)了3種不同的控制方案,并進(jìn)行了動態(tài)控制模擬,向系統(tǒng)中加入±10%流量擾動、±10%濃度擾動,動態(tài)響應(yīng)結(jié)果顯示所設(shè)計(jì)的3種控制方案中,第2種控制方案能很好地克服操作中的擾動,為最優(yōu)方案。
[Abstract]:In order to solve the problem of high melting point and high viscosity of some ionic liquids in extractive distillation of ionic liquids, the extraction distillation of acetonitrile-water azeotropic system was studied by using the mixture of ionic liquids and molecular liquids as extractant. The vapor-liquid equilibrium data of a quaternary system of acetonitrile-water-ethylene glycol 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazole chloride ([EMIM] [Cl]) at 102.5 KPa were measured. The vapor-liquid equilibrium data were fitted by NRTL equation, and the interaction parameters of [EMIM] [Cl] -acetonitrile, [EMIM] [Cl] -water, [EMIM] [Cl] -ethylene glycol were obtained. The calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental results. The experimental results show that the mixture of ethylene glycol [EMIM] [Cl] can completely break the azeotropic point of acetonitrile-water azeotrope. In addition, the viscosity of [EMIM] [Cl], ethylene glycol and their mixtures were also determined. The viscosity of the mixture was significantly lower than that of ionic liquids. By comparing the effects of [EMIM] [Cl] and ethylene glycol in extractant, it is concluded that the selectivity of [EMIM] [Cl] is higher than that of ethylene glycol, and there is no synergistic effect between [EMIM] [Cl] and ethylene glycol, and the selectivity of mixed extractant is mainly contributed by [EMIM] [Cl]. Ethylene glycol contributes little to the selectivity of the mixed extractant. Ethylene glycol plays a major role in solubilizing and reducing the viscosity of ionic liquids. The extraction distillation process of acetonitrile-water azeotrope separation with [EMIM] [Cl] and ethylene glycol as mixed extractant was simulated by using chemical software Aspen Plus. The operating parameters and the equipment parameters necessary for dynamic control process were determined. The effects of feed position, feed temperature, reflux ratio, solvent ratio and ionic liquid content on the concentration of acetonitrile at the top of the column and the heat load of the reboiler were studied by simulation. The dynamic control process of extractive distillation was studied by using chemical software Aspen Dynamic. Three different control schemes were designed, and the dynamic control simulation was carried out. 鹵10% flux disturbance and 鹵10% concentration disturbance were added to the system. The results of dynamic response show that the second control scheme can overcome the disturbance well and is the optimal scheme.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TQ028.3

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