【摘要】：水污染問題一直是人類生活中亟待解決的問題之一。水中的污染物通常包括不溶于水的如油類,以及溶于水的如染料污染物等。對(duì)于含油廢水的處理,普通分離方法已經(jīng)漸漸無法滿足實(shí)際需求。近年來,對(duì)于具有特殊潤(rùn)濕性材料應(yīng)用于油水分離的研究越來越多,其中包括超疏水-超親油以及超親水一水下超疏油材料等。鑒于本文主要針對(duì)水包油乳狀液的處理,而且超親水—水下超疏油材料在水中超疏油的特性可以在分離過程中很好的避免油相的污染,所以本文旨在以簡(jiǎn)單的方法制備不同的具有水下超疏油特性的膜材料并研究它們處理含油廢水的性能。首先,對(duì)傳統(tǒng)的高分子膜材料PVDF膜進(jìn)行改性。根據(jù)結(jié)合粗糙表面的構(gòu)建以及適當(dāng)?shù)挠H水改性來獲得特殊潤(rùn)濕性的規(guī)律,通過多巴胺和硅烷偶聯(lián)劑(KH550)的共同作用在PVDF膜表面接枝親水的TiO2納米顆粒,通過調(diào)節(jié)反應(yīng)物中各組分的比例獲得一系列的改性膜。當(dāng)多巴胺與KH550比例為1:1,TiO2納米顆粒加量為40mg時(shí)所獲得的改性膜性能最佳。其中多巴胺和硅烷偶聯(lián)劑除了起負(fù)載納米顆粒的作用之外,還起著提高親水性的作用,而TiO2納米顆粒的主要目的是為了在膜表面獲得粗糙的結(jié)構(gòu)。對(duì)原膜以及這些改性膜材料分別通過掃描電子顯微鏡(SEM),全反射傅里葉紅外光譜分析儀(ATR-FTIR)以及X射線光電子能譜分析儀(XPS)等表征手段證明了其結(jié)構(gòu)和化學(xué)組成。并且對(duì)這些膜進(jìn)行了潤(rùn)濕性分析,最終對(duì)其水處理性能進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià),這種膜對(duì)不同種類的水包油乳狀液分離通量分別為400～600 L·m-2·h1,且分離效率均在99%左右。接著,為了實(shí)現(xiàn)對(duì)水中不溶的油和可溶的染料污染物的同時(shí)分離,制備了氧化石墨烯(GO)/埃洛石納米管(HNTs)的復(fù)合膜材料,其中為了獲得均勻的膜材料,HNTs預(yù)先用多巴胺進(jìn)行了改性以提高其分散性。當(dāng)GO與PHNTs比例為1:1,并且加入乙二胺之后所獲得的改性膜綜合性能最佳。與超親水PVDF膜中的Ti02納米顆粒作用類似,HNTs在整個(gè)復(fù)合膜材料中除了起著增加GO膜的層間距來提高通量的作用之外,還起著提供粗糙表面結(jié)構(gòu)的作用,此外,在反應(yīng)體系中還加入了適量的乙二胺(ED)來提高親水性、提供吸附位點(diǎn)等。對(duì)一系列GO復(fù)合膜材料都通過掃描電子顯微鏡(SEM),原子力顯微鏡(AFM)以及X射線光電子能譜分析儀(XPS)等表征手段進(jìn)行了結(jié)構(gòu)和化學(xué)組成上的分析。并且對(duì)這些膜的潤(rùn)濕性進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià),最終對(duì)其染料分離性能、油水分離性能以及同時(shí)含有這兩類污染物的廢水的處理性能進(jìn)行了評(píng)價(jià),結(jié)果表明這種復(fù)合膜對(duì)同時(shí)含有油污和染料的廢水中廢料的分離效率均達(dá)到了 99%以上。
[Abstract]:Water pollution is one of the most urgent problems in human life. Pollutants in water usually include water insoluble such as oil and water soluble such as dye pollutants. For the treatment of oily wastewater, the common separation method has been unable to meet the actual needs. In recent years, more and more researches have been done on the application of special wettable materials to the separation of oil and water, including super-hydrophobic and super-oil-hydrophobic and ultra-hydrophilic-hydrophobic and ultra-hydrophobic. In view of the treatment of oil-in-water emulsion in this paper, and the characteristics of super-hydrophilic and ultra-hydrophobic materials in water can avoid the contamination of oil phase in the separation process. The purpose of this paper is to prepare different membrane materials with the characteristics of ultra-oil thinning and to study their performance in treating oily wastewater by simple method. Firstly, the traditional polymer membrane PVDF membrane was modified. According to the law of special wettability obtained by combining the construction of rough surface and proper hydrophilic modification, the TiO2 nanoparticles were grafted on the surface of PVDF membrane by the interaction of dopamine and silane coupling agent (KH550). A series of modified membranes were obtained by adjusting the proportion of components in the reactants. When the ratio of dopamine to KH550 is 1: 1, the best performance of the modified membrane is obtained when the dosage of 40mg is 1: 1, and the ratio of dopamine to KH550 is 1: 1. In addition to supporting nanoparticles, dopamine and silane coupling agents also play a role in enhancing hydrophilicity, while the main purpose of TiO2 nanoparticles is to obtain rough structure on the membrane surface. The structure and chemical composition of the original films and the modified films were proved by scanning electron microscope (SEM) (SEM), total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) respectively. The wettability of these membranes was analyzed, and the water treatment performance of the membranes was evaluated. The separation fluxes of these membranes for different kinds of oil-in-water emulsion were 400 ~ 600L m ~ (-2) h ~ (-1), and the separation efficiency was about 99%. Then, in order to separate insoluble oil and soluble dye pollutants simultaneously, the composite membrane material of graphene oxide (GO) / allorite nanotube (HNTs) was prepared. In order to obtain homogeneous HNTs, dopamine was used to improve the dispersion of HNTs. When the ratio of go to PHNTs is 1: 1, and ethylenediamine is added, the comprehensive properties of the modified membranes are the best. The effect of Ti02 nanoparticles in superhydrophilic PVDF membrane is similar to that in the whole composite membrane, which not only increases the layer spacing of go membrane to increase the flux, but also provides rough surface structure. A proper amount of ethylenediamine (ED) was added to the reaction system to improve hydrophilicity and provide adsorption sites. A series of go composite membrane materials were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) (SEM), atomic force microscope (AFM) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The wettability of these membranes was evaluated. Finally, the performance of dye separation, oil and water separation and the treatment of wastewater containing these two kinds of pollutants were evaluated. The results show that the separation efficiency of the composite membrane is over 99% for the waste water containing both oil and dye.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西南石油大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TQ051.893

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本文編號(hào)：2187513