【摘要】：軟墊座椅松軟舒適、造型精美,在客車、辦公室、家居、娛樂(lè)室等場(chǎng)所隨處可見(jiàn),但軟墊座椅在為人們帶來(lái)舒適與愉悅的同時(shí),其易燃性與易發(fā)煙性也會(huì)帶來(lái)較大的火災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。前人開(kāi)展的相關(guān)研究中,關(guān)于軟墊座椅材料在不同熱環(huán)境下的燃燒與產(chǎn)煙特性比較欠缺。本文選擇國(guó)內(nèi)典型的軟墊座椅填料與外覆面料材料,采用錐形量熱儀燃燒實(shí)驗(yàn)與NBS煙密度箱實(shí)驗(yàn)分別對(duì)其制作成的軟質(zhì)聚氨酯泡沫/人造革、軟質(zhì)聚氨酯泡沫/化纖與軟質(zhì)聚氨酯泡沫/尼龍組合件進(jìn)行燃燒特性與產(chǎn)煙特性研究。實(shí)驗(yàn)研究了熱輻射功率對(duì)軟墊座椅材料燃燒特性的影響,熱厚型材料點(diǎn)燃模型更適用于3種組合件的受熱過(guò)程,軟質(zhì)聚氨酯泡沫/人造革組合件的物理耐熱性能較好,而軟質(zhì)聚氨酯泡沫/尼龍組合件的點(diǎn)燃時(shí)間和點(diǎn)燃臨界熱輻射功率較高;軟質(zhì)聚氨酯泡沫/人造革組合件樣品在充分燃燒情況下的熱釋放速率曲線有2個(gè)增長(zhǎng)峰,推測(cè)其分別是由人造革包覆層與軟質(zhì)聚氨酯泡沫填料的主要燃燒過(guò)程所致。而軟質(zhì)聚氨酯泡沫/化纖與軟質(zhì)聚氨酯泡沫/尼龍組合件樣品的熱釋放速率曲線在不同熱輻射下均只有1個(gè)增長(zhǎng)峰;采用多參數(shù)耦合指標(biāo)對(duì)材料進(jìn)行火災(zāi)風(fēng)險(xiǎn)綜合評(píng)價(jià),不同情況下材料的燃燒危險(xiǎn)性不同,應(yīng)盡量考慮多方面因素對(duì)軟墊座椅材料的燃燒危險(xiǎn)性進(jìn)行評(píng)價(jià)。實(shí)驗(yàn)研究了熱輻射功率與有無(wú)引燃火焰對(duì)軟墊座椅材料產(chǎn)煙特性的影響,25 kW/m~2熱輻射功率下,引燃火焰對(duì)3種組合件樣品的燃燒過(guò)程具有顯著影響,引燃火焰會(huì)點(diǎn)燃樣品,加快樣品燃燒產(chǎn)煙過(guò)程,產(chǎn)煙總量降低;50 kW/m~2熱輻射下,引燃火焰對(duì)樣品的燃燒過(guò)程影響不大。
[Abstract]:Cushioned seats are soft and comfortable with exquisite shape. They can be seen everywhere in bus, office, home, entertainment room and so on. However, cushioned seats can bring people comfort and pleasure, but their flammability and smokiness will also bring greater fire risk. In previous studies, the combustion and smoke production characteristics of cushioned seat materials in different thermal environments are relatively deficient. In this paper, the typical domestic soft cushion seat fillers and outer fabric materials are selected, and the soft polyurethane foam / artificial leather made of the soft polyurethane foam / artificial leather is made by using the conical calorimeter combustion test and the NBS smoke density box experiment, respectively. The combustion and smoke production characteristics of soft polyurethane foam / chemical fiber and soft polyurethane foam / nylon assembly were studied. The effect of thermal radiation power on the combustion characteristics of cushioned seat material was studied experimentally. The heat thick material ignition model is more suitable for the heating process of three kinds of assemblies, and the physical heat resistance of soft polyurethane foam / artificial leather assembly is better. However, the ignition time and critical heat radiation power of soft polyurethane foam / nylon assembly were higher, and the heat release rate curve of soft polyurethane foam / leather assembly had two growth peaks under the condition of full combustion. It is inferred that it is caused by the main combustion process of leather coating and soft polyurethane foam filler respectively. However, the heat release rate curve of the samples of soft polyurethane foam / chemical fiber and soft polyurethane foam / nylon has only one growth peak under different thermal radiation. The combustion hazard of cushioned seat materials is different under different conditions. Many factors should be considered to evaluate the combustion risk of cushioned seat materials. The influence of heat radiation power and ignition flame on the smoke production characteristics of cushion seat material was studied experimentally. Under 25 kW / m ~ (2) thermal radiation power, the ignition flame had a significant effect on the combustion process of the three assembly samples, and the ignition flame would ignite the sample. The combustion process was accelerated and the total smoke production decreased by 50 kW / m ~ (2) heat radiation. The ignition flame had little effect on the combustion process of the sample.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：中國(guó)科學(xué)技術(shù)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TS664.02;TQ038

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