本文選題：大通量 + 高速塔�。� 參考：《大連理工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：本文旨在提高塔設(shè)備的氣相處理量,設(shè)計(jì)了一種新式板式塔結(jié)構(gòu),稱之為高速塔。高速塔利用旋流接觸元件內(nèi)氣體速度高和氣液分離效率高的特性,將其移植到塔板上,并設(shè)計(jì)新式的進(jìn)液通道,讓液體直接進(jìn)入葉片中心。液體從葉片出口流出后,立即與氣體接觸傳質(zhì),并在氣流的旋轉(zhuǎn)作用下,實(shí)現(xiàn)離心分離。這種新式結(jié)構(gòu),改變傳統(tǒng)的氣液接觸方式鼓泡式為噴射式,使氣相保持為連續(xù)相與分散的液相接觸。由于氣液的接觸傳質(zhì)與分離過(guò)程同時(shí)發(fā)生,塔板空間得到了充分利用。首先對(duì)單個(gè)旋流接觸元件進(jìn)行數(shù)值模擬分析,得到了旋流接觸元件內(nèi)部氣相流場(chǎng)的一些特性：(1)軸向速度沿徑向向外先減小后增大,這將導(dǎo)致氣體的回流,使得氣液能夠反復(fù)接觸傳質(zhì)；切向速度沿徑向逐漸增大,最外側(cè)切向速度達(dá)到最大；徑向速度整體較小,這為氣液提供了更充分的接觸時(shí)間；(2)在旋流接觸元件葉片出口中心產(chǎn)生的低壓區(qū)和降液管液位靜壓的共同作用下,液體能夠順利進(jìn)入旋流接觸元件,并且,隨著氣相處理量的增大,降液管最低液位不斷增大；旋流接觸元件的總壓降主要集中在葉片出口處。依據(jù)模擬結(jié)果,設(shè)計(jì)高速塔的具體結(jié)構(gòu),然后送加工廠進(jìn)行械加工。在完成實(shí)驗(yàn)平臺(tái)的搭建后,本文對(duì)高速塔的干床氣相壓降性能和濕床壓降性能進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,得到如下主要結(jié)論：(1)干床壓降隨氣體處理量的增加而增大,各層塔板的壓降由下至上逐級(jí)遞減；(2)塔板濕床壓降隨氣相流量的增大而顯著增加,隨液相處理量的增大而稍有增加；當(dāng)氣體處理量較小時(shí),各級(jí)塔板的濕床壓降大小相當(dāng),當(dāng)氣相處理量較大時(shí),各級(jí)塔板的壓降由下至上逐級(jí)遞減。在此基礎(chǔ)之上,本文進(jìn)一步研究了高速塔的負(fù)荷性能,對(duì)高速塔的液泛、漏液和干板現(xiàn)象進(jìn)行了實(shí)驗(yàn)研究,匯總氣相流量和液相流量的操作范圍,得到高速塔的負(fù)荷性能圖,并得到以下結(jié)論：(1)隨著液體流量的增加,液泛氣速逐漸減小,但是漏液氣速基本保持不變,液體流量下限穩(wěn)定在較低水平,上限隨著氣體處理量的增加,稍有減小；(2)高速塔的氣相處理能力較傳統(tǒng)的篩板塔提高45.5%,最高液泛氣速可達(dá)到2m/s,氣體操作速度的范圍最大可達(dá)到1.1-2.05m/s。
[Abstract]:In order to improve the gas processing capacity of tower equipment, a new type of plate tower is designed, which is called high speed tower. The high-speed tower uses the characteristics of high gas velocity and high gas-liquid separation efficiency in the swirl contact element to transplant it onto the tray and design a new liquid inlet channel to allow the liquid to enter directly into the center of the blade. After the liquid is discharged from the blade outlet, it is immediately in contact with the gas to transfer mass, and the centrifugal separation is realized under the action of air flow rotation. This new structure changes the traditional gas-liquid contact method from bubbling to jet and keeps the gas phase in continuous liquid contact with dispersed liquid phase. Due to the simultaneous occurrence of gas-liquid contact mass transfer and separation process, the tray space is fully utilized. Firstly, the numerical simulation of a single swirl contact element is carried out, and some characteristics of the gas flow field are obtained: (1) the axial velocity decreases first along the radial direction and then increases, which will lead to the reflux of the gas. The tangential velocity increases gradually along the radial direction and reaches the maximum at the outermost side. The overall radial velocity is small, which provides a more adequate contact time for the gas and liquid. (2) under the combined action of the low pressure region at the outlet center of the vortex contact element and the hydrostatic pressure of the down-flow pipe, the liquid can enter the swirl contact element smoothly, and the minimum liquid level of the down-flow tube increases with the increase of the gas phase treatment capacity; The total pressure drop of the swirl contact element is mainly concentrated at the outlet of the blade. According to the simulation results, the concrete structure of the high-speed tower is designed and then sent to the processing plant for mechanical processing. After the construction of the experimental platform, the dry bed gas phase pressure drop and wet bed pressure drop performance of high speed tower are studied experimentally. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) the dry bed pressure drop increases with the increase of gas treatment capacity. (2) the pressure drop of wet bed increases significantly with the increase of gas flow rate, and slightly increases with the increase of liquid treatment capacity, and the wet bed pressure drop of different trays is similar when the gas treatment capacity is small. When the gas phase processing capacity is large, the pressure drop of all levels of trays decreases gradually from the bottom to the top. On this basis, the load performance of the high speed tower is further studied, the liquid flooding, leakage and dry plate phenomena of the high speed tower are studied experimentally, the operating range of the gas and liquid flow is summarized, and the load performance diagram of the high speed tower is obtained. The following conclusions are obtained: (1) with the increase of the liquid flow rate, the flooding gas velocity decreases gradually, but the leakage gas velocity basically remains the same, the lower limit of liquid flow is stable at a lower level, and the upper limit decreases slightly with the increase of gas treatment capacity; (2) compared with the traditional sieve tray column, the gas treatment capacity of the high speed column is increased by 45. 5%, the maximum liquid gas velocity can reach 2 m / s, and the maximum operating velocity of gas can reach to 1. 1-2. 05 m / s.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：大連理工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號(hào)】：TQ053.5

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