本文選題：堿性陰離子交膜燃料電池 + 電解質(zhì)含量�。� 參考：《天津大學(xué)》2016年碩士論文

【摘要】：隨著能源和環(huán)境問題日益嚴(yán)峻,節(jié)能減排的要求逐漸提升。以內(nèi)燃機(jī)為主要?jiǎng)恿υ吹能囕v,作為主要的能耗和排放來源,是節(jié)能減排的重要領(lǐng)域。因此,相對(duì)低能耗、低排放和高效率的電動(dòng)車(Electric vehicle,EV)和燃料電池車(Fuel cell vehicle,FCV)逐漸受到越來越多的關(guān)注。但是基于中國(guó)國(guó)情,考慮到電能的來源和H2的制備方法,內(nèi)燃機(jī)車(Internal combustion engine,ICEV)、EV和FCV的優(yōu)劣尚未可知,因此本研究首先基于中國(guó)國(guó)情、通過生命周期分析,比較了ICEV、EV和FCV在能耗、碳排放和總體效率等方面優(yōu)劣。結(jié)果表明,通過天然氣重整與核電電解水制備H2的燃料電池車在上述三個(gè)方面都是可行的。在車用燃料電池中,堿性陰離子交換膜燃料電池(Alkaline anion exchange membrane fuel cell,AAEMFC)是具有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)力的選擇之一。和質(zhì)子交換膜燃料電池(Proton exchange membrane fuel cell,PEMFC)相比,AAEMFC具有較好的電化學(xué)動(dòng)力學(xué)特性和較低的貴金屬催化劑依賴性,因而被廣泛關(guān)注。在AAMEFC的結(jié)構(gòu)中,電極設(shè)計(jì)對(duì)其性能有著重要的影響,如電解質(zhì)含量、有無微孔層(Micro porous layer,MPL)。相關(guān)的實(shí)驗(yàn)研究相對(duì)缺乏。因此,本研究制備了不同電解質(zhì)含量的AAEMFC,總結(jié)出不同電解質(zhì)含量對(duì)燃料電池性能的影響;引入MPL、提高陽(yáng)極背壓和相對(duì)濕度的影響也通過實(shí)驗(yàn)加以總結(jié)。結(jié)果表明,電解質(zhì)含量越高,燃料電池性能越好,耐久性越長(zhǎng);引入微孔層、提高陽(yáng)極背壓也會(huì)改善燃料電池的性能。最后,本文建立了AAEMFC的三維多相流非恒溫?cái)?shù)值模型,深入電池內(nèi)部,從水管理的角度解釋引入MPL、提高陽(yáng)極背壓和削減膜厚度對(duì)于液態(tài)水傳輸和電池性能的影響。結(jié)果表明,引入陽(yáng)極MPL、提高陽(yáng)極背壓和削減膜厚度,會(huì)改善電池性能,且增幅與電流密度成正比,而引入陰極MPL對(duì)電池性能影響較小,因?yàn)殛帢O處于缺水狀態(tài),MPL無法發(fā)揮作用。隨著陽(yáng)極背壓的提高和AAEM厚度的削減,AAEM中水傳輸?shù)闹鲗?dǎo)機(jī)制發(fā)生變化:由擴(kuò)散為主變成擴(kuò)散和滲透并重。此外,在相鄰的多孔層界面,可以觀測(cè)到液態(tài)水階躍現(xiàn)象。
[Abstract]:With the increasingly serious energy and environmental problems, the requirements of energy conservation and emission reduction are gradually raised. As the main energy consumption and emission source, the vehicle with internal combustion engine as the main power source is an important field of energy saving and emission reduction. Therefore, relatively low energy consumption, low emission and high efficiency electric vehicle (EV) and fuel cell vehicle (FCV) have attracted more and more attention. However, considering the source of electric energy and the preparation method of H2, the advantages and disadvantages of EV and FCV for internal combustion engineering are not known. Therefore, based on the situation of China, the energy consumption of EV and FCV is compared by life cycle analysis. Carbon emissions and overall efficiency and other advantages and disadvantages. The results show that it is feasible to prepare H2 fuel cell vehicle by natural gas reforming and electrolytic water. Basic anion exchange membrane fuel cell (Alkaline anion exchange membrane fuel) is one of the competitive choices in vehicle fuel cells. Compared with proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), AAEMFC has better electrochemical kinetic properties and lower dependence on noble metal catalyst, so it has been paid more attention to. In the structure of AAMEFC, electrode design plays an important role in its performance, such as electrolyte content and micro porous layer. There is a relative lack of experimental research. In this study, AAEMFC with different electrolyte content was prepared, and the effects of different electrolyte content on fuel cell performance were summarized, and the effects of MPLs on anode back pressure and relative humidity were also summarized by experiments. The results show that the higher the electrolyte content, the better the performance and durability of the fuel cell, and the better the performance of the fuel cell is when the microporous layer is introduced and the anode back pressure is increased. Finally, a three-dimensional multiphase flow non-constant temperature numerical model of AAEMFC is established, and the effect of MPLs on the liquid water transport and battery performance is explained from the point of view of water management by increasing the back pressure of the anode and reducing the thickness of the film. The results show that the performance of the cell can be improved by adding anode MPLs, increasing the anode back voltage and reducing the film thickness, and the increase is proportional to the current density. However, the introduction of cathode MPL has little effect on the performance of the battery, because the cathode is in the condition of water shortage and MPL can not play its role. With the increase of anode back pressure and the reduction of AAEM thickness, the dominant mechanism of water transport in AAEM is changed: from diffusion to diffusion and permeation. In addition, the liquid water step phenomenon can be observed at the interface of the adjacent porous layer.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：天津大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2016
【分類號(hào)】：TM911.4

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