發(fā)布時(shí)間：2018-06-10 15:07

  本文選題：微球 + 粒徑可控�。� 參考：《哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：多孔濾膜廣泛應(yīng)用于水處理領(lǐng)域,其對(duì)雜質(zhì)具有良好的截留能力,其截留機(jī)制研究對(duì)于膜處理技術(shù)具有重要的理論指導(dǎo)意義。已有的報(bào)道普遍通過(guò)掃描電鏡(SEM)觀察聚苯乙烯、納米金或紅血球等微球過(guò)濾后的濾膜特征來(lái)研究截留機(jī)制,其缺點(diǎn)是微球物化特性(粒徑、荷電性)可控性差、成本高、測(cè)試過(guò)程復(fù)雜。本研究制備得到了一種粒徑可控、表面電位可調(diào)的微球,并利用微球初步研究了多孔濾膜的截留機(jī)制。采用聚砜(PSF)、聚苯乙烯(PS)母液建立了一種粒徑可控的亞微米級(jí)、納米級(jí)微球制備方法。通過(guò)考察制備條件對(duì)微球粒徑分布的影響發(fā)現(xiàn):對(duì)于PSF母液體系,粒徑分布主要取決于母液濃度(0.05%wt~1.0%wt)及凝固劑組成(NaCl/超純水),PS母液體系主要取決于母液投加量(100μL~1 000μL)及有機(jī)溶劑種類(N,N-二甲基甲酰胺和N,N-二甲基乙酰胺);提高凝固劑中乙醇含量微球粒徑變小,提高NaCl鹽含量則粒徑變大,十二烷基硫酸鈉(SDS)含量對(duì)微球的粒徑變化無(wú)明顯影響。改變微球溶膠中共存離子(SDS和MgCl2)濃度實(shí)現(xiàn)了對(duì)微球表面電位的調(diào)控。通過(guò)改變SDS濃度發(fā)現(xiàn):提高SDS濃度(0.017 mmol/L~1.01 mmol/L)電位增大(-3.22 mV~-61.77 mV),有利于微球維持穩(wěn)定。不同SDS濃度條件下,MgCl2濃度變化對(duì)微球表面電位的調(diào)控結(jié)果一致。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:改變MgCl2濃度,低濃度時(shí)(0.02 mol/L),Mg2+大幅降低Zeta電位(-61.77 mV至-4.33 mV)但膠體穩(wěn)定性不變,因?yàn)槲⑶虮砻鏁?huì)吸附SDS而構(gòu)建一道水化膜,水化膜對(duì)膠體穩(wěn)定性具有決定性作用;中濃度時(shí)(0.02 mol/L~0.1 mol/L),Mg2+會(huì)誘導(dǎo)SDS陰離子破壞水化膜,Zeta電位升高(-4.33 mV至-19.53 mV)但膠體穩(wěn)定性降低;高濃度時(shí)(2 mol/L),Zeta電位穩(wěn)定于-14 mV左右,Mg2+會(huì)構(gòu)建一道次級(jí)水化膜,保證膠體的相對(duì)穩(wěn)定性。利用微球溶膠考察了多孔濾膜的截留機(jī)制。實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果表明:當(dāng)Zeta電位高于-30 mV時(shí),基于電荷排斥,大孔PSF超濾膜對(duì)平均粒徑為53 nm的微球溶膠(粒徑顯著小于濾膜平均孔徑)截留率可以達(dá)到90%;當(dāng)Zeta電位低于-20 mV時(shí),基于表面吸附,微濾膜(Φ=0.22μm)對(duì)平均粒徑為137 nm的微球溶膠截留率均大于85.9%。
[Abstract]:Porous filtration membrane is widely used in the field of water treatment, and it has good retention ability to impurities. The study of its retention mechanism is of great theoretical significance for membrane treatment technology. It has been reported that the filtration mechanism of polystyrene, gold nanoparticles or red blood cells is studied by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The disadvantages of this study are that the physical and chemical properties (particle size, charge property) of the microspheres are poor in controllability and the cost is high. The testing process is complex. In this study, a kind of microspheres with controllable particle size and adjustable surface potential were prepared, and the mechanism of porous membrane interception was preliminarily studied by using microspheres. A method for preparation of submicron and nanoscale microspheres with controllable particle size was established by using polysulfone (PSF) and polystyrene (PS) mother liquor. The effects of preparation conditions on the particle size distribution of the microspheres were investigated. The particle size distribution mainly depends on the concentration of mother liquor, 0.05wt / 1.0wt) and the composition of coagulant, NaCl/ ultrapure water / PS mother liquor system, mainly depends on the dosage of mother liquor (100 渭 L / 1000 渭 L) and the kinds of organic solvents, such as NN- dimethylformamide and NN- dimethylacetamide, and increases the content of condensate. The particle size of ethanol microspheres becomes smaller, The particle size increased with the increase of NaCl salt content, while the content of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) had no obvious effect on the particle size change of the microspheres. The surface potential of the microspheres was regulated by changing the concentration of co-existing ions SDS and MgCl _ 2 in the microsphere sol. By changing the concentration of SDS, it was found that increasing the concentration of SDS by 0.017 mmol / L ~ (1.01) mmol / L) potential increased ~ (3.22) MV ~ (-1) -61.77 MV ~ (-1), which was beneficial to the stability of the microspheres. The effect of MgCl _ 2 concentration on the surface potential of microspheres under different SDS concentrations was consistent. The experimental results show that when the concentration of MgCl _ 2 is changed, the Zeta potential of 0.02mol / L ~ (-1) mg _ (2) decreases significantly from -61.77 MV to -4.33 MV), but the colloidal stability is not changed, because the surface of microspheres adsorbs SDS to form a hydrated film, the hydration membrane plays a decisive role in the stability of colloid. At the medium concentration of 0.02 mol / L ~ (0.1) mol / L ~ (-1) mg _ (2), the SDS anion could destroy the Zeta potential of the hydration membrane and increase the Zeta potential to -4.33 MV to -19.53 MV), but the colloid stability was decreased, and at high concentration, the Zeta potential of 2 mol / L ~ (2) mg _ (2) could be stabilized at -14 MV or so and a secondary hydration membrane would be constructed to ensure the relative stability of the colloid. The retention mechanism of porous membrane was investigated by microsphere sol. The experimental results show that when the Zeta potential is higher than -30 MV, the rejection rate of the macroporous PSF ultrafiltration membrane can reach 90 when the average particle size is 53 nm, and the Zeta potential is less than -20 MV. On the basis of surface adsorption, the rejection rates of microspheres (桅 _ (0.22 渭 m) with average diameter of 137 nm were higher than 85.9 渭 m.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：哈爾濱工業(yè)大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TQ051.893

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