本文選題：油水分離 + 微納復(fù)合仿生結(jié)構(gòu)��； 參考：《新疆大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：油水分離是工業(yè)領(lǐng)域面臨的問題之一,而油水混合物的多樣性增加了分離的難度。相較于傳統(tǒng)油水分離手段,膜技術(shù)由于其能耗低、分離效率高得到了廣泛關(guān)注和應(yīng)用。微納復(fù)合仿生結(jié)構(gòu)的引入,大大提高了分離膜的分離效率。針對油水混合物形式的多樣性,本論文設(shè)計(jì)制備了三種不同具有微納復(fù)合仿生結(jié)構(gòu)的油水分離薄膜。1.通過戊二醛對半互穿網(wǎng)絡(luò)(semi-IPN)凝膠涂層中的線型高分子聚乙烯醇(PVA)進(jìn)行交聯(lián),得到了具有互穿網(wǎng)絡(luò)(IPN)凝膠涂層改性的不銹鋼油水分離網(wǎng)膜。相較于semi-IPN凝膠涂層,IPN凝膠涂層具有更加粗糙的表面,這使其水下疏油性能得到提升。交聯(lián)改性后網(wǎng)膜的接觸角由141.50±0.50o增加至153.92±1.08o,同時(shí)對簡單油水混合物的分離效率也由99.7%提升至99.8%。同時(shí)IPN凝膠涂層對于基底不銹鋼網(wǎng)的粘附力更強(qiáng),自身的強(qiáng)度也更大,最大壓縮強(qiáng)度為97.00±7.69 kPa。2.通過Pickering乳液法制備了尺寸在百微米級的具有核殼結(jié)構(gòu)的聚丙烯酰胺微凝膠,然后控制PVA濕膜的厚度制備了具有跨膜結(jié)構(gòu)的油水分離膜。其中跨膜結(jié)構(gòu)的存在大幅提高了薄膜的水通性能,相較于PVA薄膜水通量提升至2倍。同時(shí)微凝膠的核殼結(jié)構(gòu)賦予了薄膜微納復(fù)合仿生結(jié)構(gòu)的表面,水下接觸角同樣從133o增加至142o。在常壓和0.01 MPa兩種操作壓力下薄膜能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn)對水包油不穩(wěn)定乳液的油水分離。在加壓條件下,分離通量最高能達(dá)到1000 Lm-2h-1。對于所測試的大多數(shù)乳液,分離后的水中油含量小于100 ppm。3.在一定濕度環(huán)境下通過醋酸纖維素(CA)溶液的相分離和硅烷偶聯(lián)劑的水解縮合反應(yīng)制備了CA油凝膠,在溶劑置換后常溫常壓下干燥得到了有機(jī)無機(jī)復(fù)合氣凝膠薄膜。薄膜表面具有微納復(fù)合仿生結(jié)構(gòu),水滴在薄膜表面的接觸角達(dá)到147.2±0.3o,同時(shí)油滴能在其上鋪展。該氣凝膠薄膜具有亞微米級的孔道尺寸,能夠?qū)Ψ�(wěn)定的油包水乳液有效分離。在0.01 MPa操作條件下,對直徑約330 nm的油包水乳液分離通量達(dá)到1000-3000 Lm-2h-1,濾液中水含量低至100 ppm以下。
[Abstract]:Oil-water separation is one of the problems in industry, and the diversity of oil-water mixture increases the difficulty of separation. Compared with traditional oil and water separation methods, membrane technology has been widely concerned and applied because of its low energy consumption and high separation efficiency. The introduction of micro-nano composite bionic structure greatly improved the separation efficiency of separation membrane. In view of the diversity of oil-water mixture, three kinds of oil-water separation films with micro-nano composite bionic structure were designed and fabricated in this paper. The linear polymer polyvinyl alcohol PVA (PVA) in semi-IPN gel coating was crosslinked by glutaraldehyde, and the oil-water separation omentum of stainless steel modified by IPN gel coating was obtained. Compared with semi-IPN gel coating, the surface of IPN gel coating is more rough, which improves its hydrophobic performance. The contact angle of the cross-linked modified omentum was increased from 141.50 鹵0.50o to 153.92 鹵1.08o. the separation efficiency of the simple oil-water mixture was also increased from 99.7% to 99.8%. At the same time, the adhesive force of IPN gel coating to stainless steel mesh is stronger, and the strength of IPN gel coating is larger, the maximum compressive strength is 97.00 鹵7.69kPa.2. Polyacrylamide microgels with core-shell structure were prepared by Pickering emulsion method. The oil-water separation membranes with transmembrane structure were prepared by controlling the thickness of PVA wet film. The existence of transmembrane structure greatly improved the water permeability of the film, and compared with PVA film, the water flux increased to 2 times. At the same time, the core-shell structure of the microgel gives the surface of the film micro-nano composite bionic structure, and the underwater contact angle also increases from 133o to 142o. The oil-water separation of the oil-in-water unstable emulsion can be realized by the thin film under two operating pressures of normal pressure and 0.01 MPA. The maximum separation flux was 1000 Lm-2h-1 under pressure. For most of the emulsions tested, the oil content in the separated water was less than 100 ppm. 3. CA oil gel was prepared by phase separation of cellulose acetate (CA) solution and hydrolysis and condensation reaction of silane coupling agent under certain humidity. The organic-inorganic aerogel film was obtained by drying at room temperature and atmospheric pressure after solvent replacement. The surface of the film has a micro-nano composite bionic structure, and the contact angle of water droplets on the surface of the film is 147.2 鹵0.3 o.The oil droplet can spread on the surface of the film. The aerogel film has sub-micron pore size and can be effectively separated from stable oil-in-water emulsion. Under the operating condition of 0.01 MPA, the separation flux of oil-in-water emulsion with diameter of 330nm was 1000-3000 Lm-2h-1, and the water content of filtrate was lower than 100 ppm.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：新疆大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TQ051.893

【參考文獻(xiàn)】

相關(guān)期刊論文 前1條

1 劉克松;江雷;;仿生結(jié)構(gòu)及其功能材料研究進(jìn)展[J];科學(xué)通報(bào);2009年18期

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本文編號：1998453