本文選題：疏水 + 高氯酸銨��； 參考：《西南科技大學》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：高氯酸銨(AP)因其較高有效含氧量而作為氧化劑被廣泛應用于軍事及航天領域,但在實際應用過程中AP易吸濕而對其使用性能造成影響,因此為提高AP的使用性能需對其進行疏水改性處理,以防止AP吸濕,關(guān)于AP的防吸濕研究報道很多,但尚未見從微納結(jié)構(gòu)和表面處理相結(jié)合的方式改善AP防吸濕性能的報道。本文通過AP的微納結(jié)構(gòu)化,結(jié)合表面處理技術(shù),制備了AP/SiO_2復合材料以及AP/CBC納米結(jié)構(gòu)材料。主要研究內(nèi)容如下:(1)AP/SiO_2復合材料的制備與表征。通過溶膠凝膠法制備了AP/SiO_2復合材料,并采用聚甲基氫基硅氧烷(含氫硅油PMHS),十二氟庚基丙基三甲氧基硅烷(氟硅烷FAS)和甲基三乙氧基硅烷(MTES)為表面改性劑對AP/SiO_2復合材料進行表面改性處理,以提高復合材料的防吸濕性能。采用SEM-EDS、XRD、FT-IR、接觸角測試、吸濕率測試對AP及其復合材料的形貌、成分、分子結(jié)構(gòu)以及防吸濕性能進行表征。研究結(jié)果表明:AP、SiO_2以及改性劑是有機復合在一起的,AP均勻的填充在SiO_2的孔洞中并且表面被一層表面改性劑所包覆。純AP的接觸角為0°,而經(jīng)過PMHS、FAS、MTES改性后的AP/SiO_2復合材料的接觸角分別為(64±2)°(50±2)°(42±2)°,相比于純AP有很大的提高說明其疏水性較AP有很大的提升。吸濕性測試表明48h后AP的吸濕率為1.13%,而經(jīng)過改性處理的AP/SiO_2復合材料吸濕性均小于純的AP,并且經(jīng)過PMHS改性后的AP/SiO_2復合材料的吸濕性最低僅為0.24%。(2)AP/CBC納米結(jié)構(gòu)材料的制備與表征。以高氯酸銨(AP)和碳化細菌纖維素(CBC)為原料,并以PMHS、FAS和MTES為表面改性劑,采用溶液分散-冷凍干燥法制備疏水AP/CBC納米結(jié)構(gòu)材料。通過掃描電子顯微鏡、紅外光譜儀、X射線衍射儀、恒溫恒濕箱、接觸角測試儀等分別表征了AP/CBC納米結(jié)構(gòu)材料的微觀形貌、分子結(jié)構(gòu)、吸濕性能等。結(jié)果表明,AP/CBC納米結(jié)構(gòu)材料的形貌變化較大,納米結(jié)構(gòu)材料是以CBC為網(wǎng)絡骨架結(jié)構(gòu),AP均勻的分散在CBC骨架所形成的孔洞中。對AP/CBC納米結(jié)構(gòu)材料進行表面改性后,材料表面被包覆并且表面變得光滑。由于改性劑表面含有大量的疏水基團,因此能有效阻止AP的吸潮,并且由CBC構(gòu)筑的這種結(jié)構(gòu)能夠有效防止AP的團聚以及包覆層的脫落。接觸角測試表明純AP的接觸角為0°,而經(jīng)過PMHS、FAS、MTES改性后的AP/CBC納米結(jié)構(gòu)材料的接觸角分別為(109±2)°(56±2)°(55±2)°,相比于純AP有較大的提高。吸濕性測試表明20天后AP的吸濕率為1.89%,而經(jīng)過改性處理的AP/CBC納米結(jié)構(gòu)材料吸濕性均小于純的AP,其中經(jīng)過PMHS改性后的AP/CBC納米結(jié)構(gòu)材料的吸濕性最低僅為0.31%。本研究通過選用合適的結(jié)構(gòu)材料構(gòu)筑具有特殊結(jié)構(gòu)的AP復合材料,再選用疏水改性劑對AP復合材料進行疏水表面的改性,既提高了高氯酸銨的防吸濕性能也為水溶性無機鹽類物質(zhì)由親水性向疏水性轉(zhuǎn)變提供了新的思路。
[Abstract]:Ammonium perchlorate (APO) is widely used as an oxidant in military and aerospace fields because of its high effective oxygen content. However, AP is easy to absorb moisture in practical application, which affects its performance. Therefore, in order to improve the performance of AP, hydrophobic modification is needed to prevent AP from absorbing moisture. There are a lot of researches on AP, but there is no report on how to improve the performance of AP by combining micro-nano structure with surface treatment. In this paper, AP/SiO_2 composites and AP/CBC nanostructured materials were prepared by micro-nano structure of AP and surface treatment technology. The main research contents are as follows: preparation and characterization of APS / SiO2 composites. AP/SiO_2 composites were prepared by sol-gel method. Polymethylhydrosiloxane (PMHSN), dodecafluoroheptyl trimethoxy silane (FASS) and methyl triethoxysilane (MTESs) were used as surface modifiers to modify the surface of AP/SiO_2 composites. In order to improve the hygroscopicity of composite materials. The morphology, composition, molecular structure and hygroscopicity of AP and its composites were characterized by SEM-EDSX XRDX FT-IR, contact angle test and moisture absorption test. The results show that the SiO_2 pore is uniformly filled with the organic composite of the two modifiers, and the surface is coated with a layer of surface modifiers. The contact angle of pure AP is 0 擄, and the contact angle of AP/SiO_2 composite modified by PMHS-FAS-MTES is 64 鹵2 擄50 鹵2 擄or 42 鹵2 擄respectively, which indicates that the hydrophobicity of pure AP is much higher than that of pure AP. The hygroscopicity test showed that the moisture absorption rate of AP was 1.13 after 48 h, while the moisture absorption of modified AP/SiO_2 composites was lower than that of pure APs, and the lowest hygroscopicity of AP/SiO_2 composites modified by PMHS was only the preparation and characterization of 0.24%.(2)AP/CBC nanostructured materials. The hydrophobic AP/CBC nanostructured materials were prepared by solution dispersion-freeze-drying method using ammonium perchlorate (APP) and carbonated bacterial cellulose (CBC) as raw materials and PMHSS-FASA and MTES as surface modifiers. The microstructure, molecular structure and hygroscopicity of AP/CBC nanostructures were characterized by scanning electron microscope, infrared spectrometer, X-ray diffractometer, constant temperature and humidity box, contact angle tester, etc. The results show that the morphology of CBC / CBC nanostructure material varies greatly. The nano-structure material is composed of CBC as the network skeleton structure and AP is uniformly dispersed in the pores formed by the CBC skeleton. After surface modification of AP/CBC nanostructured material, the surface of the material is coated and the surface becomes smooth. Because there are a lot of hydrophobic groups on the surface of the modifier, the moisture absorption of AP can be effectively prevented, and the structure constructed by CBC can effectively prevent AP from agglomeration and the coating layer from falling off. The contact angle test showed that the contact angle of pure AP was 0 擄, while that of the modified AP/CBC nanostructure material was 109 鹵2 擄/ 56 鹵2 擄/ 55 鹵2 擄, which was higher than that of pure AP. The hygroscopicity test showed that the moisture absorption rate of AP was 1.89 after 20 days, but the moisture absorption of modified AP/CBC nanostructured materials was lower than that of pure APs. The lowest moisture absorption of AP/CBC nanostructured materials modified with PMHS was 0.31. In this study, AP composites with special structure were constructed by selecting suitable structural materials, and hydrophobic modifiers were used to modify the hydrophobic surface of AP composites. It not only improves the hygroscopicity of ammonium perchlorate, but also provides a new idea for the transformation of water-soluble inorganic salts from hydrophilicity to hydrophobicity.
【學位授予單位】：西南科技大學
【學位級別】：碩士
【學位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TQ113.72;V512

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