本文選題：超疏水　切入點：油水分離　出處：《東華大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文

【摘要】：人們?nèi)粘Ｉ钗鬯�、工業(yè)含油廢水的亂排亂放以及海洋石油的原油泄漏,不僅是資源的浪費而且對環(huán)境造成危害甚至波及人類的生命安全。為了解決這一難題,隨著界面科學(xué)的研究進展,人們將具有特殊浸潤性的界面材料應(yīng)用于油水分離領(lǐng)域。本文在滌棉基質(zhì)上通過不同的方法構(gòu)建微納米粗糙結(jié)構(gòu),并用低表面能物質(zhì)修飾制備出具有特殊浸潤性的紡織品。然后,特殊浸潤性紡織品經(jīng)過后期處理,得到了具有雙向油水分離性能的膜材料,并且通過外界刺激能夠可控的實現(xiàn)潤濕性能的可逆轉(zhuǎn)變,即達到油或水分離的目的。本文主要研究內(nèi)容和結(jié)論如下:具有特殊浸潤性織物膜材料的制備及其在油水分離中的應(yīng)用。通過探究織物表面潤濕性能隨著滌棉織物上沉積原位聚合聚苯胺工藝條件改變的變化,找到了合適的聚合溫度、摻雜酸濃度、引發(fā)劑濃度和培烘溫度的組合并調(diào)控得到了具有超疏水性能的紡織品。該紡織品由于聚苯胺本身具有摻雜-脫摻的性能以及其本身結(jié)構(gòu)態(tài)的轉(zhuǎn)化,經(jīng)過氫氧化鈉堿性溶液處理可以實現(xiàn)織物表面潤濕性能由超疏水/超親油性能到超親水/水下超疏油性能的轉(zhuǎn)變。此外,聚苯胺本身的再摻雜使得潤濕性能在這兩種特殊的浸潤模式之間實現(xiàn)可逆的循環(huán)轉(zhuǎn)變。將該織物膜應(yīng)用到油水分離中,可以實現(xiàn)簡單油水混合物中油或水的分離,分離效率為98%,分離循環(huán)次數(shù)達到80次以上,實現(xiàn)2次可逆循環(huán),而且織物經(jīng)過2100次的摩擦,仍然具有疏水的性能,具有良好的耐摩擦性能。具有快速轉(zhuǎn)變的特殊浸潤性織物的制備及其在油水分離中的應(yīng)用。首先,化學(xué)鍍銅在滌棉織物表面沉積均勻致密的銅層,十二酸和氫氧化鈉表面改性使得織物潤濕性能發(fā)生可逆轉(zhuǎn)變。采用堿輔助氧化的方式在化學(xué)鍍得到的均一、致密的鍍銅織物表面生長氫氧化銅納米線,然后經(jīng)過十二酸的乙醇溶液的浸泡修飾,通過織物表面浸潤性隨氧化刻蝕時間、堿輔助氧化劑濃度、十二酸浸漬時間、十二酸濃度條件改變的變化,制備出了快速轉(zhuǎn)變的可逆特殊浸潤性織物。由于十二酸不僅具有低表面能的性質(zhì),還具有酸的性能,經(jīng)過氫氧化鈉堿性溶液處理,織物的浸潤性由超疏水/超親油向超親水/水下超疏油轉(zhuǎn)化。此外,十二酸的再次自組裝沉積和氫氧化鈉的表面改性可以實現(xiàn)織物表面在兩種浸潤模式之間的可逆轉(zhuǎn)換。在油水分離的應(yīng)用中,實現(xiàn)了油/水/油復(fù)雜混合體系的連續(xù)分離,超疏水/超親油的性能達到濾油截水的目的,然后,分離過程中只需要加入氫氧化鈉溶液使得織物潤濕性能轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槌H水/水下超疏油的性質(zhì)實現(xiàn)濾水截油的效果,從而實現(xiàn)了可控的油或水的分離。該織物膜應(yīng)用到油水分離中,簡單油水混合物的分離效率為98%,分離循環(huán)次數(shù)達到80次以上,可實現(xiàn)5次可逆的浸潤性轉(zhuǎn)變。
[Abstract]:People's daily life sewage, industrial oily wastewater of arbitrary row misplacing and crude oil oil spill on the sea, is not only a waste of resources and environmental damage, and even affect the safety of human life. In order to solve this problem, with the progress of research on Interface Science, people will have a special application interface material wettability in oil-water separation field. In cotton substrate by different methods of building micro nano rough structure, and modified with low surface energy materials prepared with special wettability of textile. Then, special invasive textile after treatment, the membrane material with bidirectional oil-water separation performance, and stimulate the reversible transformation can achieve controllable wettability through the outside, that is to separate the oil or water. The main contents and conclusions of this paper are as follows: with special wettability of fabric membrane material preparation And its application in oil-water separation. Through research on fabric surface wettability changes as the polymerization conditions of polyaniline deposited in situ polyester cotton fabric, find the suitable polymerization temperature, the concentration of doping acid, lead and combination regulation agent concentration and baking temperature were obtained with super hydrophobic performance of the textiles because of textiles. Polyaniline doping - doped off itself has its own transformation properties and structure state, after sodium hydroxide alkaline solution treatment can be achieved by the fabric surface wettability of superhydrophobic / superoleophilic properties to super hydrophilic / change underwater superoleophobic performance. In addition, cyclic transformation of doped polyaniline itself that the wettability of reversible between these two kinds of special infiltration mode. The fabric membrane applied to the oil-water separation, the separation can achieve a simple mixture of oil or water, separation efficiency For 98% cycles, the separation is more than 80 times, the realization of the 2 reversible cycle, and fabric after friction 2100 times, still has hydrophobic properties, has good anti friction performance. With the rapid transformation of the special invasive fabric preparation and its application in oil-water separation. First, the copper layer chemical copper in polyester cotton fabric is deposited on the surface of uniform density, twelve acid and sodium hydroxide surface modification makes the fabric wettability reversible transformation. By alkali assisted oxidation in the homogeneous chemical plating obtained, dense copper plated fabric surface growth hydroxide copper nanowires, then soaked modified acid twelve ethanol solution. Through the fabric wettability with the oxidation etching time, alkali auxiliary oxidant concentration, twelve acid dipping time, acid concentration changes of twelve conditions, prepared by reversible fast changing special invasive by fabric. In twelve acid not only has properties of low surface energy, but also has the properties of acid, sodium hydroxide solution after alkaline treatment, infiltrating the fabric transformed from superhydrophobic / superoleophilic to super hydrophilic / underwater superoleophobic. In addition, twelve acid deposition again and sodium hydroxide can achieve reversible surface modification the surface of the fabric between two kinds of infiltration mode conversion. In the application of oil-water separation in the oil / water / oil complex continuous separation of the mixed system, the performance of super hydrophobic / super oleophilic oil filter to cut water, then the separation process only needs to add sodium hydroxide solution makes the transition of wetting properties of fabrics for the super hydrophilic properties / underwater superoleophobic implementation of water cut oil filter effect, so as to realize the separation of oil or water controllable. The fabric membrane applied to the oil-water separation, the separation efficiency of simple oil-water mixture for 98% cycles of separation More than 80 times, 5 reversible infiltrative transitions can be achieved.

【學(xué)位授予單位】：東華大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號】：TQ051.893

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本文編號：1698470