本文選題：超濾膜　切入點：抗污染　出處：《西南石油大學》2015年碩士論文

【摘要】：超濾作為一種高效的分離方式,在含油污水處理中運用越來越多。但要將其大規(guī)模運用于油水分離,仍然存在一些問題。其中,最大的問題就是如何有效的控制超濾膜的污染。本文通過在鑄膜液體系中加入無水LiCl離子,提高超濾膜的抗污染能力。同時采用微波加熱,加速超濾膜的制備。 和傳統(tǒng)加熱方式相比,微波加熱主要是通過偶極極化作用和離子傳導作用兩個機理加熱。其特點是加熱具有瞬時性、均勻性、高效性和選擇性。本文以聚醚砜(PES)為主體膜材料,加入聚氧乙烯(PEO)改善超濾膜的親水性,再以二甲基甲酰胺(DMF)作為有機溶劑配制鑄膜液,同時引入無機鹽LiCl用于提高膜材料的親水性和抗污染能力。 在本文中,當鑄膜液體系在90℃時,常規(guī)加熱使樣品完全溶解需要2h：而在微波的作用下,只需要30min到1h。同時,在特定的條件下(LiCl:0.5%,微波功率110W),和常規(guī)加熱相比,制備的超濾膜水通量由78.78L·m-2·h-1提高到了169.50L·m-2·h-1(提升了115.15%),接觸角由90.45°降到了88.20°。 本文以場發(fā)射掃描電鏡(SEM)、衰減全反射紅外(ATR-FTIR)和X射線光電子能譜(XPS)為主要表征手段,對微波場在鑄膜液體系中的作用機理進行了分析：由于微波加熱的特殊性,使被加熱物體內(nèi)部不存在溫度梯度,PES和PEO在DMF中溶解速度大幅提高；由于微波的離子傳導效應,使LiCl離子在鑄膜液體系中更好更快地分散；由于鑄膜液體系中各組分的分子極性不同,導致其在微波場下受到的作用力不同,在成膜過程中各組分的分布也存在差異。
[Abstract]:As an efficient separation method, ultrafiltration is more and more widely used in oily wastewater treatment. However, there are still some problems in large-scale application of ultrafiltration in oil-water separation. The biggest problem is how to effectively control the fouling of ultrafiltration membrane. In this paper, the antifouling ability of ultrafiltration membrane is improved by adding anhydrous LiCl ion into the casting membrane system. At the same time, microwave heating is used to accelerate the preparation of ultrafiltration membrane. Compared with traditional heating methods, microwave heating is mainly heated by two mechanisms of dipolar polarization and ion conduction. In this paper, polyether sulfone (PES) was used as the main membrane material, polyoxyethylene (PEO) was added to improve the hydrophilicity of ultrafiltration membrane, and then dimethylformamide (DMF) was used as organic solvent to prepare the casting membrane solution. At the same time, inorganic salt LiCl was introduced to improve the hydrophilicity and antifouling ability of membrane materials. In this paper, when the casting liquid is fixed at 90 鈩，

本文編號：1673789