本文選題：氣化底渣　切入點：免燒磚　出處：《中原工學(xué)院》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：隨著城市化進(jìn)程的腳步加快,生活垃圾處理問題已經(jīng)刻不容緩,處理方式也日漸增多,傳統(tǒng)方式與新興方式雙管齊下。其中以氣化處理技術(shù)作為未來主要處置方式之一,其優(yōu)勢在于減量化效果顯著,體積可減少90%左右。但仍有15%-25%質(zhì)量的無機(jī)底渣需要填埋,且氣化后無機(jī)底渣屬于一般固體廢棄物范疇,可直接進(jìn)行資源化利用。本試驗的研究目的是將生活垃圾氣化后無機(jī)底渣應(yīng)用于制備墻體材料免燒磚中,一方面減少水泥基建材中礦物原料的消耗,另一方面解決了垃圾全部資源化利用的瓶頸問題,實現(xiàn)真正意義上的垃圾“零填埋”。對北京市生活垃圾RDF(垃圾衍生燃料)氣化底渣進(jìn)行物化研究與分析,得出氣化底渣由無機(jī)底渣,殘渣碳,渣土,玻璃、陶瓷和磚塊、石塊等非均質(zhì)物質(zhì)組成,粒徑范圍主要集中在0.16-2.5mm。密度約為2g/cm3,含水率約為17%。礦物組成主要為α-石英,方解石和拉長石�；瘜W(xué)組成主要為SiO2,CaO,Al2O3和Fe2O3,含有少量的MgO,K2O和Na2O等,為非放射性物質(zhì),屬于含有活性氧化硅及氧化鋁的潛在活性廢渣,需要進(jìn)行激發(fā)。利用層析分析法優(yōu)選出氣化底渣最理想的利用方式為制備水泥基建材中的免燒磚。通過生活垃圾氣化底渣制備免燒磚試驗研究,分析了原料摻量,成型壓力、水分,養(yǎng)護(hù)工藝、時間對免燒磚性能的影響,并采用XRD、SEM及EDS等檢測手段進(jìn)行微觀分析。試驗表明,最優(yōu)試驗配比為m(電石渣):m(粉煤灰):m(水泥):m(氣化底渣)=10%:10%:10%:70%;通過灰色關(guān)聯(lián)度分析,得出最優(yōu)配比方案與試驗結(jié)果完全一致。最優(yōu)試驗工藝條件為成型壓力20MPa,成型水分12%,環(huán)境溫度19-21℃,相對濕度90%左右,養(yǎng)護(hù)箱養(yǎng)護(hù)28天。各項性能均滿足JC/T422-2007《非燒結(jié)垃圾尾礦磚》標(biāo)準(zhǔn)中MU20的要求。在制備過程中,生活垃圾氣化后無機(jī)底渣的摻量可達(dá)到70%。各種膠凝物質(zhì)相互交織、填充,形成致密的三維空間網(wǎng)絡(luò)結(jié)構(gòu)。采用改進(jìn)的BCR法對氣化底渣免燒磚進(jìn)行重金屬形態(tài)和含量測定,得出其重金屬形態(tài)基本以可氧化態(tài)和殘渣態(tài)存在,Cd的可氧化態(tài)和殘渣態(tài)占總形態(tài)的67.00%,其余重金屬均占92.51%以上,穩(wěn)定不易溶出;免燒磚體的制備對個別重金屬固化效果明顯,其中As、Cd、Cr、Ni和Zn的固化率分別達(dá)到89.82%、79.57%、73.64%、66.73%和88.05%。在此基礎(chǔ)上,結(jié)合Hakanson潛在生態(tài)風(fēng)險評價和RSP重金屬污染評價兩種方法,評價了免燒磚中重金屬的風(fēng)險。結(jié)果表明:生活垃圾氣化底渣免燒磚對環(huán)境污染危害程度基本沒有,但長期使用中要注意重金屬Cd的可能遷移,造成生態(tài)環(huán)境的間接影響。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of urbanization, the problem of domestic waste disposal has become urgent, and the treatment methods are increasing day by day. The traditional way and the new way are both in the same direction. Among them, gasification treatment technology is one of the main disposal methods in the future. The advantages are that the reduction effect is remarkable and the volume can be reduced by about 90%. However, there are still 15% to 25% of the inorganic base slag to be landfill, and the inorganic bottom slag after gasification belongs to the category of general solid waste. The purpose of this experiment is to apply the inorganic bottom slag after the gasification of solid waste in the preparation of wall materials without burning bricks, on the one hand, to reduce the consumption of mineral raw materials in cement based building materials. On the other hand, it solves the bottleneck problem of garbage utilization and realizes the "zero landfill" of municipal solid waste in real sense. The physical and chemical research and analysis of municipal solid waste (RDF) gasification bottom residue are carried out. The results show that the gasification slag is composed of inorganic slag, residual carbon, residue, glass, ceramic, brick, stone and other heterogeneous materials. The particle size ranges from 0.16-2.5mm. the density is about 2g / cm ~ 3, the moisture content is about 17.The mineral composition is mainly 偽 -quartz. Calcite and elongated stone. The chemical composition is mainly Sio _ 2, Cao, Al _ 2O _ 3 and Fe _ 2O _ 3, and contains a small amount of MgO _ 2O and Na2O, which is a non-radioactive substance, and belongs to the potentially active residue containing active silicon oxide and alumina. The best way to use gasification bottom slag is to prepare non-fired brick in cement based building materials. The experimental study on preparing no-fired brick from gasification bottom slag of domestic refuse is carried out. The amount of raw material and the forming pressure are analyzed. The effects of moisture, curing technology and time on the properties of fired free bricks are analyzed by means of XRDSEM and EDS. The results show that the optimum ratio of test is m (carbide slag: 1: M). The optimum proportioning scheme is in good agreement with the test results. The optimum technological conditions are as follows: molding pressure 20MPa, molding moisture 12, ambient temperature 19-21 鈩，

本文編號：1603546