本文選題：正滲透膜　切入點(diǎn)：納米顆粒　出處：《西安建筑科技大學(xué)》2017年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：缺乏高性能的滲透膜是阻礙正滲透技術(shù)發(fā)展的主要因素。研究證明,親水性添加劑共混能夠有效提高CA正滲透膜性能。目前,有關(guān)添加劑改性CA膜方面的研究缺少系統(tǒng)性和全面性。本文從多方面系統(tǒng)地研究了6種添加劑對(duì)CA正滲透膜性能的影響。主要研究?jī)?nèi)容包括:以醋酸纖維素(CA)為膜材料,分別以ZnCl2、乳酸、聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)、SiO2、TiO2和功能化的碳納米管(fCNT)為添加劑,利用相轉(zhuǎn)化法對(duì)CA正滲透膜進(jìn)行共混改性;并利用原子力顯微鏡(AFM)、接觸角測(cè)定儀和掃描電子顯微鏡(SEM)考察了添加劑對(duì)CA膜結(jié)構(gòu)和表面特性的影響;以及通過測(cè)定不同CA膜的水通量及反向鹽通量,研究了添加劑對(duì)CA正滲透膜分離性能的影響;同時(shí),測(cè)定了CA膜在牛血清蛋白(BSA)污染實(shí)驗(yàn)中的通量衰減速率和通量恢復(fù)率,并結(jié)合不同CA正滲透膜表面與污染物BSA之間的微觀作用力,研究了添加劑對(duì)CA膜的抗BSA污染性能的影響。結(jié)果表明:(1)乳酸和ZnCl2對(duì)CA膜粗糙度無明顯影響;PVP使得CA膜的粗糙度增加了3nm,但不受其含量影響;當(dāng)納米顆粒添加劑fCNT、TiO2和SiO2的含量分別增加到1wt%,2wt%和2wt%時(shí),CA膜中的納米顆粒出現(xiàn)團(tuán)聚作用,使得CA膜粗糙度急劇增大。6種添加劑均能提高CA膜的表面親水性,而且親水性隨添加劑含量的增加而增強(qiáng),其效果從好到差依次是:fCNT、ZnCl2、TiO2、SiO2、乳酸、PVP。(2)6種添加劑均可優(yōu)化CA膜內(nèi)部結(jié)構(gòu),使得CA內(nèi)部膜孔增大,指狀孔數(shù)量增多。其中,傳統(tǒng)添加劑ZnCl2的效果最佳;CA膜ZnCl2-2的內(nèi)部膜孔直徑最大,彎曲率最小。與ZnCl2相比,其它5種添加劑改性的CA膜的指狀孔數(shù)量較少。(3)在提高CA膜的水通量方面,ZnCl2效果最佳,CA膜ZnCl2-2水通量高達(dá)15.7 L/(m2?h),比無添加劑CA膜和商業(yè)CTA膜分別高175%和34%。乳酸和PVP改性的CA膜水通量分別是14.6和10.8 L/(m2?h)。3種納米顆粒添加劑對(duì)CA膜的水通量有提高,但效果不如ZnCl2和乳酸,其通量約為9 L/(m2?h)。6種添加劑均可降低CA正滲透膜的反向鹽通量,其中ZnCl2和3種納米顆粒添加劑的效果最佳,最低可達(dá)0.458 g/(m2?h),其次是PVP,最差的是乳酸。(4)3種納米顆粒對(duì)CA膜通量衰減速率降低效果相近且最佳,其次是ZnCl2,最后是PVP和乳酸。納米顆粒改性的CA膜的通量恢復(fù)率均在96%以上,其次是CA膜ZnCl2-2通量恢復(fù)率為96.5%,乳酸-5和PVP-2分別為89.3%、85.5%。BSA與CA膜之間的微觀作用力由弱到強(qiáng)依次是:含納米顆粒CA膜、ZnCl2-2、乳酸-5、PVP-2和無添加劑CA膜�？傊�,納米顆粒fCNT、TiO2和SiO2對(duì)CA膜的抗BSA污染性提高效果優(yōu)于傳統(tǒng)添加劑ZnCl2、乳酸、PVP。
[Abstract]:The lack of high performance permeable membrane is the main factor that hinders the development of forward osmotic technology. The study shows that hydrophilic additive blend can effectively improve the performance of CA forward permeable membrane. The effect of six additives on the performance of CA membrane was systematically studied in this paper. The main research contents include: cellulose acetate (CA) was used as membrane material, and Cellulose Acetate (CA) was used as membrane material. With ZnCl _ 2, lactic acid, PVP _ (2) O _ (2) O _ (2) TIO _ (2) and functionalized carbon nanotubes (fCNT) as additives, CA + permeable membrane was modified by phase inversion method. The effects of additives on the structure and surface properties of CA membrane were investigated by AFM, contact angle analyzer and scanning electron microscope (SEM), and the water flux and reverse salt flux of different CA membranes were measured. The effect of additives on the separation performance of CA positive osmotic membrane was studied, and the flux attenuation rate and flux recovery rate of CA membrane in bovine serum protein (BSA) contaminated experiment were determined. Combined with the microcosmic interaction between the surface of different CA positive permeable membrane and contaminant BSA, The effect of additives on the anti-fouling performance of CA membrane was studied. The results showed that the roughness of CA membrane was increased by 3nm but not affected by the content of ZnCl2 and lactic acid. When the content of FCNT _ 2 TIO _ 2 and SiO2 increased to 1 w _ t% and 2 wt%, respectively, the nano-particles in CA film were agglomerated, and the surface hydrophilicity of CA membrane was improved by increasing the roughness of CA membrane rapidly. 6 kinds of additives could improve the surface hydrophilicity of CA film, and the surface hydrophilicity of CA film could be improved by the addition of FCNT _ 2 and SiO2, respectively. Moreover, the hydrophilicity increases with the increase of additive content, and the effect is in the order of: fCNT / ZnCl _ 2 / TIO _ 2 / Sio _ 2. The internal structure of CA membrane can be optimized by six kinds of additives, and the internal pore size of CA increases and the number of finger-like pores increases. The effect of traditional additive ZnCl2 is the best. The diameter of inner membrane of CA membrane ZnCl2-2 is the largest, and the bending rate is the smallest. Compared with ZnCl2, The other 5 kinds of additives modified CA membrane have fewer finger pores. 3) the best effect of ZnCl _ 2 is to increase the water flux of CA membrane. The ZnCl2-2 water flux of CA membrane is up to 15.7L / m ~ (2) 路m ~ (2) ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1) 路L ~ (-1) ~ (-1)? The water flux of CA membrane modified by lactic acid and PVP was 14. 6 and 10. 8 L / m ~ (2), respectively. The water flux of CA membrane was increased by Hb.3 nano-particle additive, but the effect was not as good as that of ZnCl2 and lactic acid, and the flux was about 9 L / m ~ (2)? The reverse salt flux of CA positive osmotic membrane can be reduced by Hb.6 additives. ZnCl2 and three kinds of nano-particle additives have the best effect, and the lowest is 0.458 g / m ~ (2)? The flux decay rate of CA membrane was similar and the best, followed by ZnCl _ 2, PVP and lactic acid. The flux recovery rate of CA membrane modified by nano-particles was above 96%, respectively. Secondly, the recovery rate of ZnCl2-2 flux of CA membrane was 96. 5, and that of lactate-5 and PVP-2 were 89. 3 and 89. 3, respectively. The microcosmic force between CA membrane and CA membrane was from weak to strong. The order of microcosmic force between CA membrane and CA membrane was: ZnCl 2-2 containing nanoparticles, lactic acid-5% PVP-2 and CA membrane without additive. The effects of nano-particles such as fCNT _ (2) TIO _ (2) and SiO2 on BSA pollution resistance of CA membrane were better than those of traditional additives ZnCl _ (2) and lactic acid (SiO2).
【學(xué)位授予單位】：西安建筑科技大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級(jí)別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2017
【分類號(hào)】：TQ051.893

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