發(fā)布時間：2018-03-10 00:15

  本文選題：電石反應(yīng)器　切入點：耐火磚　出處：《北京化工大學(xué)》2015年碩士論文　論文類型：學(xué)位論文

【摘要】：我國的能源結(jié)構(gòu)是多煤、貧油、少氣,然而我國大量的煤炭直接燃燒造成了能源浪費,也產(chǎn)生了環(huán)境污染。而煤可以合成化工的重要原料電石,通過電石與水反應(yīng),可以生成重要的有機原料乙炔,因此煤制取電石有著重要的意義。然而傳統(tǒng)電熱法制電石反應(yīng)器存在許多不足,劉振宇等提出了新型的氧熱法制電石復(fù)合床反應(yīng)器。本文針對新型的復(fù)合床反應(yīng)器開展了模型化設(shè)計研究,也即,采用冷模實驗方法設(shè)計了一種攪拌式的復(fù)合床反應(yīng)器固體布料器,并考察了影響顆粒通過布料器的質(zhì)量通量的因素；同時針對反應(yīng)器熔池區(qū)設(shè)計,運用數(shù)值模擬方法考察開車過程、正常工況以及出料過程等工況下熔池的傳熱特性,據(jù)此提出熔池區(qū)耐火結(jié)構(gòu)的優(yōu)化設(shè)計方案。首先,設(shè)計了一種新型布料器,并考察了槳葉類型、顆粒類型、分布板類型、床層高度、槳轉(zhuǎn)速、槳葉到分布板距離等六個因素對顆粒下落質(zhì)量通量的影響。結(jié)果表明：(1)隨著床層高度增加、槳葉轉(zhuǎn)速增加,顆粒下落質(zhì)量通量均呈增加趨勢。(2)隨著槳葉到分布板距離增加,顆粒下落質(zhì)量通量呈指數(shù)降低。(3)對于顆粒下落體積通量：玻璃球的遠大于催化劑顆粒的。(4)對于顆粒下落質(zhì)量通量：采用平槳葉時的遠大于下壓式槳葉時的；采用27孔分布板時的大于12孔分布板時的。(5)據(jù)此得到優(yōu)選的設(shè)計條件為：采用27孔分布板,平槳葉且槳葉到分布板距離約為顆粒直徑的2倍。其次,設(shè)計了熔池區(qū)的耐火保溫結(jié)構(gòu)并針對熔池高度一定的情況下,對熔池傳熱與保溫性能進行了研究。數(shù)值模擬結(jié)果表明：(1)初步設(shè)計的粘土質(zhì)隔熱耐火磚處有燒壞的危險,建議將此部分磚改為鉻剛玉磚等。(2)電石反應(yīng)3h后,可以考慮出料。(3)開車前應(yīng)預(yù)熱在15h以上。最后,針對反應(yīng)器熔池區(qū)出料工況進行了考察,運用動網(wǎng)格技術(shù)模擬出料過程。結(jié)果表明：(1)反應(yīng)器出口處耐火材料選取為白剛玉磚的厚度為0.1m,可以保證剛玉磚下層的耐火磚不被燒壞。(2)反應(yīng)器出料20min的過程中,熔池區(qū)的穩(wěn)定性較好,響應(yīng)時間較慢。(3)設(shè)計反應(yīng)器時,應(yīng)多設(shè)幾個出口。
[Abstract]:The energy structure of our country is rich in coal, lean oil and little gas. However, the direct combustion of a large amount of coal in our country causes energy waste and also produces environmental pollution. Coal can synthesize calcium carbide, an important raw material of chemical industry, and react with water through calcium carbide. Acetylene, an important organic raw material, can be produced, so it is of great significance to produce calcium carbide from coal. However, there are many shortcomings in the traditional electrothermal calcium carbide reactor. Liu Zhenyu and others have proposed a new type of oxy-thermal calcium carbide compound bed reactor. In this paper, a model design study has been carried out for a new type of compound bed reactor, that is, In this paper, a kind of solid distributor of agitated compound bed reactor is designed by cold model experiment, and the factors influencing the mass flux of particles passing through the reactor are investigated, and the design of the reactor molten pool is also carried out. The heat transfer characteristics of molten pool under starting, normal and discharging conditions were investigated by numerical simulation method. Based on this, the optimum design scheme of refractory structure in molten pool region was put forward. Firstly, a new type of distributor was designed. The effects of six factors, such as blade type, particle type, distribution plate type, bed height, propeller speed and distance from blade to distribution plate, on mass flux of particles falling are investigated. The results show that the rotor speed increases with the increase of bed height. The mass flux of particles dropped increased with the increase of the distance from the blade to the distribution plate. The drop mass flux of the particles decreased exponentially.) for the falling volume flux of the particles: the volume flux of the glass sphere was much larger than that of the catalyst particle.) for the falling mass flux of the particles, the flux of the falling mass of the particles was much larger when the flat blade was used than that of the lower pressure blade; The optimum design conditions are as follows: with the 27 hole distribution plate, the distance between the blade and the distribution plate is about 2 times the diameter of the particle, and the optimum design conditions are as follows: using the 27 hole distribution plate, the distance from the blade to the distribution plate is about 2 times that of the particle diameter. The refractory insulation structure in the molten pool area is designed and the heat transfer and thermal insulation properties of the molten pool are studied under the condition of the molten pool height. The numerical simulation results show that the primary design of the clay insulating refractory brick has the danger of burning out. It is suggested that this part of the brick should be preheated for more than 15 hours before starting up after 3 h reaction with chrome corundum brick and so on. Finally, the discharge condition of the reactor molten pool area was investigated. The dynamic grid technique was used to simulate the discharging process. The results showed that the refractory at the outlet of the reactor was chosen as white corundum brick with a thickness of 0.1 m, which could ensure that the refractory brick in the lower layer of corundum brick would not be burned out for 20 minutes. A few more exits should be set up when the reactor is designed with better stability and slower response time.
【學(xué)位授予單位】：北京化工大學(xué)
【學(xué)位級別】：碩士
【學(xué)位授予年份】：2015
【分類號】：TQ161;TQ052

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本文編號：1590914